基于GF1_WFV的千岛湖水体叶绿素a浓度时空变化

基于高分一号（GF-1）遥感影像以及水体实测样点数据,运用波段对数组合,以千岛湖为研究对象,构建和择优了叶绿素a浓度反演模型,对2013~2019年千岛湖区域水体叶绿素a浓度值进行了估算,并利用变异系数、Mann-Kendall显著性检验模型、Theil-Sen趋势分析模型对其时空变化特征进行了分析.研究表明,基于波段对数组合的反演模型可用于千岛湖清洁水体叶绿素a浓度值的反演（R²=0.8976）;年际变化分析发现,在研究期限内,千岛湖水体叶绿素a浓度平均值维持在较低水平,近94%的水体像元叶绿素a浓度小于3.65μg/L,水质较佳;时空动态分析进一步发现,千岛湖水体叶绿素a浓度值大都经历了较为微小的波动变化,其中,有超过67%的水体像元浓度值呈现出微小的增长趋势,在分布上也呈现出一定的空间格局形态.     

长江三角洲2010~2018年生物质燃烧中等挥发性有机物(IVOCs)排放清单

中等挥发性有机物（IVOCs）是一类重要的二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的前体物.其中,生物质燃烧是IVOCs的重要来源之一,但目前尚未包括在传统的排放清单中.本研究基于卫星火点排放清单（FINN）以及IVOCs/POA比例法对长三角地区2010至2018年生物质燃烧IVOCs的排放量进行估算,构建长三角地区2010～2018年基于卫星火点的生物质燃烧IVOCs排放清单,并分析其不确定性,为后续模拟长三角地区SOA的来源提供重要的基础数据.结果表明,在2010～2018年期间,长三角地区火点数整体呈现下降趋势,在过去3年（2016～2018年）火点数维持在6000次左右,较2016年之前下降了约60%.从火点数的月分布来看,火点发生最多的月份是5～8月,其次在10月有个小高峰.基于IVOCs/POA比例系数法的计算结果表明,由不同的POA/OC以及IVOCs/POA比例得到的长三角地区生物质燃烧IVOCs排放总量结果差别巨大,平均值为73.4万t（10.5～305.7万t）.基于蒙特卡罗的不确定性模拟,长三角地区生物质燃烧IVOCs排放量的不确定范围在-99%～68%之间.     

云南省气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征的遥感研究

利用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的气溶胶产品研究云南省气溶胶光学厚度(AOT)的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:在长时间尺度上,区域月平均AOT没有明显的增长趋势,年平均值大约为0.19,反映了人为活动排放进入大气的气溶胶没有明显的增加;月平均AOT的变化呈双峰分布特征,2个峰值分别出现在3、8月,AOT大约为0.35±0.08和0.31±0.05,5月出现明显的谷值(0.20±0.03),AOT减少的原因可能是该地区降水增多,大量的降水可以清除大气中的气溶胶粒子,最小值常出现在1月或12月,AOT大约为0.09±0.02。在空间上,云南省AOT普遍较低,年平均值的空间分布为0~0.4,低值区出现在西北部的迪庆州、怒江州和丽江市;AOT高值区分布在云南省的南部和东北部地区,3月AOT值最大可达0.80以上,南部和北部差值达到0.60以上,8月AOT的高值区主要出现在中部的玉溪市红河州北部、玉溪市和昆明市。云南省AOT北高南低分布格局的原因主要是北部地区人为气溶胶排放较少,另外,由于地形的影响,北部地区风速较大,气溶胶停留在大气中的时间较短,AOT较小。     

一次雷暴天气发生发展的水汽图和红外云图特征分析

通过MTSAT的水汽图和红外云图,结合天气图、NCEP资料、地闪实况资料和探空数据对在高空急流影响下的暗区雷暴实例进行了对比分析。结果表明:暗区雷暴在卫星云图上表现为经过白天太阳辐射对晴空区(水汽图暗区)近地面的加热作用,大气不稳定能量增加,在一定条件下,午后强雷暴时常发生发展于高空急流左侧的晴空区中;而在水汽图上,高空急流与水汽图上的干区、湿区间有明显的联系,而这些联系又与强雷暴的发生发展有密切的关系,是雷暴发生发展的重要条件;在雷暴云发展过程中,地闪时空分布在卫星云图上有着明显的对应。     

动量轮诱导的卫星地面微振动特性研究以及在轨仿真分析

目的探索整星微振动传递特性及其影响因素,为降低或控制微振动对卫星相机成像质量的影响提供手段。方法利用某卫星结构,在卫星固支与悬吊两种边界状态下,开展不同动量轮转动组合状态的地面微振动环境试验。根据试验数据,分析从振动源到相机的传递比、卫星固支与悬吊的差异、卫星结构与转动部件分别对振动谱的贡献。利用卫星有限元模型,通过修改地面模型、添加组件等方式使其符合在轨状态,从而开展在轨微振动仿真分析。结果得到了动量轮各工作状态下的星上微振动加速度环境数据。根据数据分析结果,卫星边界固支与悬吊都附加了低频的振动,而星上微振动在动量轮转动频率外更包含了卫星结构的耦合振动。从振动源到相机的微振动传递都具有衰减特性,传递比为0.03~0.475。微振动仿真分析给出了相机微振动转角和影响。结论相机的微振动主要取决于最大扰动的动量轮。从振动源到相机的微振动传递中,传递界面的阻尼对微振传递比影响较大,其次为距离的影响。根据此卫星微振动传递特性提出了的微振动抑制手段有效降低了相机处的微振动大小。在轨状态仿真结果显示太阳翼低频振动耦合引起相机约0.1像素的振动。     

Atmospheric Loadings,Concentrations and Visibility Associated with Sandstorms: Satellite and Meteorological Analysis

This Korea-China study monitored the phenomena of sandstorms and significant dustfall (SD) from 1997 to 2000. The analysis of our data included ground measurements of dust concentration, visibility, satellite imagery, aircraft and lidar observations. In addition, an estimation of atmospheric loadings and a studyon the relationship between dust concentrations and visibilitywere carried out. The movement and invasion of dust clouds toKorea were clearly identified with meteorological and satellitedata. The increasing concentrations of TSP and PM₁₀ concurredwell with the satellite information. From case studies, weestimated that atmospheric loadings of a dust cloud were over 1million ton and that the deposition over the Korean Peninsulawas in the range from 46 000 to 86 000 tons. For SD withvisibility of 3 km, we predict TSP 659 g m^-3 and PM₁₀ 493 g m^-3. We recommend the issuance of an SD Watch(advisory) and an SD Warning for the general public.     

Landscape ecological planning through a multi-scale characterization of pattern: studies in the Western Ghats,South India

This article analyzes landscape pattern in the WesternGhats mountain ranges in south-western India at two scales,comparing small-scale, detailed studies of landscapepattern, with broader, regional-scale assessments of theWestern Ghats. Due in large part to their inaccessibility,relatively little is known about the landscapes of thisbiodiverse region, which also supports some of the highestpopulation densities in the world. A broad-scale NDVI-basedIRS 1B satellite image classification is used to analyzenorth-south and east-west trends across the entire WesternGhats and western coast of India, an area over 170 000 km². Northern and eastern landscapes are morefragmented compared to the southern and western slopes.Western slopes also have greater landscape diversity withland cover types more interspersed compared to the easternslopes. These differences can be related to north-south andeast-west variations in rainfall and plant distribution. Data from thirteen landscapes 10–50 km² in area, arefurther utilized to analyze trends in landscape pattern, anddescribe the geographical distribution of major natural andmanaged ecotope types. At this scale, very high levels ofintra-ecotope type variability in landscape pattern areencountered for all land cover types. Results at these twoscales are integrated to suggest a hierarchical stratifiedapproach for monitoring land cover and biodiversity in the region.     

Monitoring The Turbidity and Surface Temperature Changes and Effects of the 17 August 1999 Earthquake in the İzmİt Gulf,Turkey by the Landsat TM/ETM Data

The temporal turbidity and surface temperature changes and effects of the 17 August 1999 earthquake in the İzmit Gulf, Turkey have been investigated using Landsat TM/ETM data. The gulf is in the Mediterranean–Black Sea transition climatic zone and is partially surrounded by green vegetation cover and degraded and densely urbanized-industrialized areas. Landsat TM/ETM data acquired in 1990–1999 confirms increase in turbidity. Turbidity is always low in the southern part and high in the northern part of the gulf, because the more urbanized and industrialized areas are located in the northern part. The Landsat-7 ETM data acquired in the same year (1999) shows seasonal changes in turbidity. Moreover, the two high turbidity and surface temperature anomalies, one of which is parallel to the 17 August 1999 earthquake surface rupture (east–west) and the other which is in the northwest–southeast direction were mapped from Landsat-5 TM data acquired the day (18.08.1999) following the earthquake in the east end of the gulf. On the basis of turbidity implying the sea bottom movement, it is possible to state that a second rupture in the northwest and southeast direction could have occurred at the sea bottom during the earthquake. The distribution of the seismicity centers and the orientation of the lineaments in the area support this finding.     

Use of Satellite Imagery as Environmental Impact Assessment Tool: A case Study from the Nw Egyptian Red Sea Coastal Zone

Knowledge and detecting impacts of human activities on the coastal ecosystem is an essential management requirement and also very important for future and proper planning of coastal areas. Moreover, documentation of these impacts can help in increasing public awareness about side effects of unsustainable practices. Analysis of multidate remote sensing data can be used as an effective tool in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Being synoptic and frequent in coverage, multidate data from Landsat and other satellites provide a reference record and bird’s eye viewing to the environmental situation of the coastal ecosystem and the associated habitats. Furthermore, integration of satellite data with field observations and background information can help in decision if a certain activity has caused deterioration to a specific habitat or not. The present paper is an attempt to utilize remote sensing data for assessment impacts of some human activities on the major sensitive habitats of the NW Egyptian Red Sea coastal zone, definitely between Ras Gemsha and Safaga. Through multidate change analysis of Landsat data (TM & ETM+ sensors), it was possible to depict some of the human infringements in the area and to provide, in some cases, exclusive evidences for the damaging effect of some developmental activities.     

Improvements in Air Quality Modelling by Using Surface Boundary Layer Parameters derived from Satellite Land Cover Data

Many atmospheric dispersion models include only simpletreatment of surface features to estimate the wind profilesand stability parameters. Detailed characterisation of theland cover, particularly in large and complex urbanconurbations, is especially important, as the surfacefeatures can vary significantly over the area. This paperdiscusses the use of satellite land cover data to derivespatially resolved surface boundary layer (SBL) parameters.These parameters have been used in an air quality model,PEARL (Prediction Air Quality in Urban and RegionalLocations) for estimating monthly and annual COconcentrations. Land cover data, derived from LANDSATThematic Mapper Imagery, has been used to estimate SBLparameters (surface roughness length, albeedo, Bowen ratioand anthropogenic heat flux) for a study area of 10000km² encompassing Greater London and the surroundingcounties. The SBL parameters have been assigned according tomajor land cover types for the whole area at a spatialresolution of 1 × 1 km. Predictions from two versions of the PEARL model (one with land cover data and one without)have been compared with each other and with measured data forannual and monthly CO concentrations from seven London airquality monitoring sites. This comparison shows thatdifferences between predicted and observed values can bereduced by up to a factor of three. The use of SBLparameters derived from land cover data also yields moredetailed predicted annual CO spatial patterns especially inand around suburban areas. The performance of both versionsof the model for monthly CO concentrations has been comparedwith a range of statistical measures. This comparisonconfirms that improved agreement is observed betweenmodelled and measured monthly CO concentrations when use ismade of spatially resolved SBL parameters.