沿海和河口城市防灾设防标准系统分析

本文针对天津、上海、青岛等三种不同类型的沿海、河口城市，运用灰色理论、随机模拟等方法进行了洪水、风暴湖、巨浪等环境因素的计算，并进行了灾害经济损失的风险分析，给出了不同的防灾设防标准。     

Vulnerability Assessment of Sea Level Rise Over Port Said Governorate, Egypt

An assessment of the impact of sea level rise on the city of Port Said, Egypt has been carried out using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Bruun's is used to estimate horizontal retreat, due to three scenarios of sea level rise, taking into account local subsidence rates. Overlaying horizontal retreat on land use obtained by remote sensing enabled us to estimate possible losses and socio-economic impacts. Results indicate serious physical and socio-economic impacts. It is suggested that protection measures must be carried out with emphasis on building breakwaters along the most vulnerable shoreline area.     

不同类型海岸的溢油清理方法

世界石油资源分布和需求的不均衡性,促进了海上石油工业和石油运输业的快速发展,同时也增加了溢油事故的几率.海上溢油污染问题日趋严重,溢油污染对海洋环境、生态、资源、经济及人类生产生活等造成了巨大的影响,日益引起社会各界的关注.海岸溢油污染清理实践表明,正确的溢油清理方案的制定应综合考虑海岸的敏感性指数、溢油的类型、清理方法可能带来的危害以及支际可操作程度等.对包括盐沼地海岸和红树林海岸,沉积海岸,以及岩石海岸三类典型海岸的国内外现有海岸溢油污染清理技术进行了详细的综述,以期为我国的海岸带管理和溢油应急计划的制订提供技术参考.     

建设海峡西岸高效持续农业示范区的基本思路与技术对策——以福建省龙海市为例

本文以福建省龙海市为例,分析了龙海市农业发展优势与存在的问题,提出了建设海峡西岸高效持续农业示范区的基本思路与技术对策     

CAUSES OF UGHT AVI'ENUATION IN TAMPA BAY AND CHARLOTTE HARBOR,SOUTHWESTERN FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Vertical attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in clear waters of central Florida theoretically can vary almost 50 percent during a sunny summer day as a result of changing solar elevation. We used a simple formula to partially adjust the attenuation coefficient in Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor for changing solar elevation of the direct beam and then used multiple regression analysis to estimate the relative contribution of different water properties or constituents to the adjusted attenuation coefficient, k_adj. Color, on an average, was responsible for 18 percent of k_adj, chlorophyll a for 21 percent, nonchiorophyll suspended matter for 55 percent, and seawater for the remaining 6 percent. In both estuaries, k_adj increased with decreasing salinity as a result of freshwater runoff adding color, suspended matter, and nutrients. Nutrients affected attenuation by stimulating phytoplankton growth and increasing concentrations of chlorophyll a. Reduced nutrient loading to upper Tampa Bay (Hilisborough Bay) in the early to mid-1980's appears to have decreased concentrations of chlorophyll a, increased water clarity, and increased seagrass recolonization. Assuming other attenuating substances remained unchanged, the decrease in the average concentration of chlorophyll a from 30 to 15 μg L_?1 would correspond to an increase in the depth of light penetration necessary for seagrass survival (>10 percent incident light) from 1.0 to 1.5 m, which, on a relatively flat sea bed (slope of 2 m/km), would increase the area potentially available for seagram recolonization by 0.25 km²/km of shoreline.     

东南沿海陆相多旋回双模式火山岩

以闽东永泰地区为实例,具体阐述东南沿海陆相多旋回双模式火山岩及其区域性分布特点。早白垩世为主要形成期,与世界其它地区以太古代为主体有所不同。区内双模式火山岩为主元结构,Ⅰ旋回(下组合)为沉积岩——玄武岩——流纹质凝灰岩;Ⅱ旋回(上组合)为沉积岩——碱性玄武岩——流纹质凝灰岩;Ⅲ旋回为沉积岩——玄武岩——火山集块岩及钾长流纹岩,其形成的构造环境为活动大陆边缘板内拉张环境,岩浆结晶温度大约在970—1156℃,估算过渡岩浆房形成深度约3.5—5km。     

美国加州南岸地区空气质量预报系统运行管理与借鉴

借鉴美国加州南岸空气质量预报经验,特别是其运行管理模式对于现阶段中国城市环境空气质量预测预报具有极高的参考价值。简要介绍了加州南岸空气质量管理局(SCAQMD)空气质量预报业务流程、技术方法、信息发布方式和预报效果评估策略。建议从4个方面借鉴SCAQMD经验:(1)建立相对完善的空气质量预报体系,分层级自上而下指导预报工作;(2)选择合适的空气质量预报方法,综合统筹成本-效益评估工作;(3)评估预报效果进而提高预报准确率;(4)在优化空气质量预报能力的基础上,有序开展预警协同控制工作。     

1644~1911年影响华东沿海的台风发生频率重建

基于清代、民国期间多种历史文献中的风、雨、潮现象和“颶、颱”记载重建了1644~1911年影响今华东浙、沪、苏的台风频率序列 F 清代史料中记载了该区受263次台风影响，年均0.98次。功率谱和小波分析显示18世纪中期至20世纪初，4 a周期表现最为明显. F 与Nino3指数基本对应，反映出入境华东的台风对极端ENSO事件并不敏感，强LaNina年和强ElNino年入境本区的台风频率基本相同。研究时段内，在多年代际尺度上，北半球及中国东部地区的增暖会增加影响华东沿海的台风发生频率     

中国东海区大陆岸线变迁及其开发利用强度分析

基于东海区海岸带1990-2015年6个时期遥感影像,分析其大陆岸线变迁,并评价其岸线利用强度。结果表明：（1）大陆岸线持续向海推进,且岸线长度缩减了495.91 km。岸线变迁强度呈现波动变化状态。岸线结构中大量自然岸线转变为人工岸线,自然岸线比例缩减了14.18%,而人工岸线占比上升了21.94%,岸线的多样性快速增长。（2）岸线平均分形维数呈现波动下降趋势,形态向平直、规则方向发展。海岸带海陆格局表现为陆进海退,陆地面积增加了2655.01 km²,海岸带受滩涂养殖、围填海、港口建设等人类活动影响显著。（3）岸线的开发利用强度加强。岸线人工化指数增加,2015年增长至53.88%。开发利用主体度由单一主体模式发展形成二元主体模式,至2015年,岸线二元主体转变为基岩岸线和建设岸线,主体度分别为30.53%和20.26%。岸线综合利用指数上升了32.42%,人类活动对岸线变化影响力大幅提高。     

Heavy metal concentrations in marine molluscs from the Moroccan coastal region

Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), clams (Venerupis decussatus) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were sampled seasonally during 2004-2005, from different coastal environments of Morocco in order to measure their accumulated heavy metal concentrations. The concentrations of Hg and Pb were determined by AFS and ICP-MS methods, respectively, whilst the remaining metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn and Ni) were quantified by AAS. The soft tissue concentrations of the mussels were on average 7.2 mg kg(-1) (Cd), 9.6 mg kg(-1) (Pb), 0.6 mg kg(-1) (Hg), 26.8 mg kg(-1) (Cu), 8.8 mg kg(-1) (Cr), 292 mg kg(-1) (Zn), 20.8 mg kg(-1) (Mn) and 32.8 mg kg(-1) (Ni). The highest tissue heavy metal concentrations were recorded in the south from the industrial area of Jorf Lasfar. The relationships between metal concentration and season in each species showed very similar annual profiles with a peak observed around spring-summer. Statistical analysis indicated that different species showed different bioaccumulation of metals depending on study site and season.