江苏海岸带土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布

以江苏省响水如东段海岸带为研究区,系统采集了239个表层土壤样品,分析测试了Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等7种重金属元素,综合运用多元统计和地统计方法,探讨了研究区土壤重金属的主要来源,绘制了重金属的空间分布图.结果表明:(1)江苏响水如东段海岸带土壤Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均含量分别为0.14、64.23、24.15、0.026、29.16、22.24和77.94 mg·kg~(-1),Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn存在较为明显的富集,Cr和Ni的平均值低于江苏滨海土壤背景值.(2)Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn在海积物母质发育土壤中的含量显著低于河流冲积物、潟湖相沉积物和三角洲沉积物母质;Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn在城镇建设用地的平均含量显著高于其他地类.(3)Cr和Ni为自然来源元素,受到成土母质的控制;Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn受到成土母质和人类活动的共同影响,人为源主要包括工业、交通排放和农业活动;Hg为人为来源,受到人为排放的大气沉降的影响.(4)Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的高值区分布在研究区的北部、南部和西部,Hg的高值区分布在研究区的西部和南部的城镇密集区.     

海面上升影响山地海岸的两种机制及对策——以山东半岛东北部为例

根据距今4000a以来海面波动与河谷地貌、海岸地貌发育之间的关系,未来海面上升有可能导致入海河流发生溯源堆积,使河床纵剖面发生调整,海面上升在导致某些岸段蚀退的同时,还有可能使某些岸段的海淤进;河流溯源堆积导致的入海泥沙减少,可能使原有海岸蚀退加剧．对海面上升可能给山地海岸资源与环境带来的影响,建议加强观测与研究,进行合理规划与管理,并采取必要的工程措施．     

‘Coastal squeeze’— an historical perspective

The use of salt marsh for agricultural use has probably been going on for thousands of years. This paper will look at the situation in southeast England, particularly the Wash. Here enclosure for extended grazing and over the last several hundred years, for arable cultivation, may have taken place since Roman Times. An enclosure of Freiston Shore salt marsh (1979) and a proposed further enclosure at Gedney Drove End at about the same time raised concerns about the cumulative effect of these developments on nature conservation interests. These concerns prompted the nature conservation agencies to oppose the Gedney Drove End enclosure. Though the conservation argument did not persuade the Government that no further enclosure should take place, economic circumstances changed such that the pressure for the creation of new agricultural land diminished. This marked the end of ‘reclamation’ in the Wash. Since then, in the UK at least, there have been no further enclosures of salt marsh for agriculture. What were the arguments that lead to this change? Up to this point the perceived wisdom, in the Wash at least, was that as enclosure took place new inter-tidal land was created to seaward— with no net loss of inter-tidal land. Today we accept that this is not the case and a policy of managed re-alignment has increasingly been adopted in England, at sites ranging from the Porlock shingle ridge in north Devon to the salt marshes of Freiston in the Wash. It is argued that recognition of ‘coastal squeeze’ probably began in the Wash some 20 years ago. It would appear that we are now witnessing a reversal of this trend. How far will it take us? Will we see a return of the large expanses of tidal swamp around the Wash and elsewhere along the southern North Sea coast? Is this an inevitable consequence of global warming? This paper provides an historical perspective of the issues and arguments that have led us to recognize ‘coastal squeeze’ and the importance of dynamic coast, including the European Commission’s ‘EURosion Project’, which reported in 2004 (Salman et al. 2004).     

河北沿岸春季和夏季的浮游动物

2004年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)用浅海I型I、I型标准浮游生物网在河北沿岸22 km以内近岸海域进行了浮游动物生态调查。结果显示,春季仅记录37种浮游动物,而夏季记录60种浮游动物。浮游动物总生物量以春季为高,平均为886 mg/m3;夏季为低,平均为234 mg/m3。中华哲水蚤,腹针胸刺水蚤,双毛纺锤水蚤为春季优势种;强壮箭虫,小拟哲水蚤,拟长腹剑水蚤为夏季优势种。     

莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带及冲洪积扇地下水水环境

通过野外实地调查和水化学监测,将莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带及冲只扇浅层地下水水化学环境分为３大区域,即北部的全咸水区,中部的咸淡水过渡区和南部的全淡水区,在３个系统的浅埋古河道带风的全淡水我,仍有水化学特征的南北向差异,浅层地下水水化学特征具有年内及年际变化规律。     

Sea-level rise and coastal vulnerability: an assessment of Andhra Pradesh coast,India through remote sensing and GIS

The eustatic sea-level rise due to global warming is predicted to be about 18 to 59 cm by the 2100 (IPCC 2007), which necessitates identification and protection of vulnerable sections of coasts. Assessment of vulnerability level of Andhra Pradesh (AP) coast as an example is demonstrated in this study using five physical variables, namely coastal geomorphology, coastal slope, shoreline change, mean spring tide range, and significant wave height. A coastal vulnerability index was prepared by integrating the differentially weighted rank values of the five variables, based on which the coastline is segmented into low-, moderate-, high-, and very high risk categories. About 43% of the 1,030-km-long AP coast is under very high-risk, followed by another 35% under high-risk if the sea level rises by ~0.6 m displacing more than 1.29 million people living within 2.0 m elevation in 282 villages in the region.     

沿海生态旅游资源评价指标及尺度研究——以江苏沿海为例

旅游资源评价是生态旅游研究的主要内容之一,尺度选取和指标建立是评价的关键。从生态旅游的角度出发,筛选体现沿海湿地类型、生态环境、旅游期望值、海洋文化以及开发程度等项目的一系列指标,综合构建沿海生态旅游资源评价指标体系。运用景观生态学理论,文章提出了沿海生态旅游资源(景观)评价的时空尺度、自然人文理性尺度以及数理统计尺度。在此基础上,运用层次分析法对江苏沿海生态旅游资源的吸引力、开发潜力和综合价值进行定性和定量评价,并探讨了发展江苏沿海生态旅游的策略。     

Contamination by chlorinated pesticides, PCBs and PBDEs in Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) in western South Atlantic

Chlorinated pesticides, PCBs and PBDEs were analysed in nine blubber samples of Atlantic spotted dolphins, Stenella frontalis, incidentally captured during fishing operations in southern and southeastern Brazil between 2005 and 2007. The majority of compounds analysed were detected, suggesting widespread contamination over the region. Although the samples came from a location far from main coastal industrial areas, the results revealed an influence from such sources. Therefore, levels of PCBs (774-23 659 ng g⁻¹ lipid wt.) and PBDEs (23-1326 ng g⁻¹ lipid wt.) detected seem to be related to the movement of individuals throughout near-shore and offshore waters. The sample from a lactating female exhibited a lower level of contamination and a distinct pattern, indicating selective transfer favouring less lipophilic compounds.     

粉土动力特性研究综述

粉土是一种具有特殊工程性质的土,粉土中砂粒、粉粒、粘粒都存在,这3种粒种分别具有不同的性质。总结这3种粒种对粉土动模量和阻尼的影响,得到了粉土模量阻尼的表达式以及粉土动力特性符合土体非线性和滞后性的一般规律。液化是一种特殊的强度问题,国内外预测液化可能性的方法主要有经验法、剪切波速法、Seed法、有限元法等。室内研究主要集中在粉土动力特性试验研究上,研究了各种因素影响下粉土液化特性,包括3种不同的粒种对粉土液化特性的影响,尤其是粘粒含量影响下粉土液化特性。粉土的动孔压响应与砂土有很大区别,这也可以用粉土特殊的颗粒结构组成来分析。最后,分析了粉土液化机理,并对粉土进一步研究提出了几点看法。     

Monitoring the effectiveness of the European tributyltin regulation on the Basque coast (northern Spain) by assessing imposex in two gastropod species (Nassarius reticulatus and Nassarius nitidus)

Imposex and butyltin body burden were assessed in 2011 along the Basque coast (northern Spain) in two gastropod species (Nassarius reticulatus and Nassarius nitidus) four years after an initial survey in 2007. The aim of this re-survey was to monitor the effectiveness of the European ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) based antifouling paints on ships’ hulls (EC 782/2003). Imposex levels in 2011 were lower than those determined in 2007 at most of the sampling sites. Accordingly, TBT concentrations in the female body burden of Nassarius reticulatus varied from 43 to 250 ng Sn/g in dry weight in 2011, which was a lower maximum than in 2007. Nevertheless, the results for the butyltin degradation index suggest that there have been recent inputs of TBT within the two main Basque harbours. Overall, the legislative measure is contributing to the reduction of TBT effects on the Basque coast although its presence is still evident.