溶解氧对好氧/延长闲置SBR除磷性能的影响

以合成废水为研究对象,乙酸钠为外加碳源,考察不同溶解氧(DO)浓度下好氧/延长闲置(O/EI)序批式反应器的除磷效果,并通过分析典型周期内磷元素及微生物体内各储能物质的变化,探究DO浓度对O/EI工艺除磷性能的影响机制.结果表明,低DO浓度(1 mg·L-1)条件下,O/EI系统具有良好的除磷效果,除磷率高达96%,单位污泥除磷量为5.02 mg·g-1;而当DO浓度较高(4 mg·L-1)时,反应器内磷的去除率降至50%,单位污泥除磷量仅2.81 mg·g-1.研究表明,在DO浓度为1 mg·L-1时,微生物能合成较多聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs),糖原的合成及利用较少,系统好氧吸磷量远高于其他反应器,并在闲置期释放出更多聚磷酸盐.可见,DO可通过影响微生物体内PHAs和糖原的合成及转化,闲置期释磷,好氧前期释磷及好氧吸磷,进而影响系统的除磷性能.     

An innovative approach to minimize excess sludge production in sewage treatment using integrated bioreactors

The present investigation deals with an application of integrated sequential oxic and anoxic bioreactor(SOABR) and fluidized immobilized cell carbon oxidation(FICCO) reactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater with minimum sludge generation. The performance of integrated SOABR-FICCO system was evaluated on treating the domestic wastewater at hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 3 hr and 6 hr for 120 days at organic loading rate(OLR)of 191 ± 31 mg/(L·hr). The influent wastewater was characterized by chemical oxygen demand(COD) 573 ± 93 mg/L; biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5) 197 ± 35 mg/L and total suspended solids(TSS) 450 ± 136 mg/L. The integrated SOABR-FICCO reactors have established a significant removal of COD by 94% ± 1%, BOD5 by 95% ± 0.6% and TSS by 95% ± 4% with treated domestic wastewater characteristics COD 33 ± 5 mg/L; BOD59 ± 0.8 mg/L and TSS 17 ± 9 mg/L under continuous mode of operation for 120 days. The mass of dry sludge generated from SOABR-FICCO system was 22.9 g/m~3. The sludge volume index of sludge formed in the SOABR reactor was 32 mL/g and in FICCO reactor it was 46 mL/g. The sludge formed in SOABR and FICCO reactor was characterized by TGA, DSC and SEM analysis. Overall, the results demonstrated that the integrated SOABR-FICCO reactors substantially removed the pollution parameters from domestic wastewater with minimum sludge production.     

外源全程硝化污泥对城市污水SPNA系统的影响

为强化城市污水短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化(SPNA)系统脱氮性能与稳定性,在间歇曝气条件下研究投加外源全程硝化污泥对城市污水SPNA系统的影响及机理.结果显示,空白组(SBR3)总氮去除率由35.5%升高至66.3%,短周期分批次投加外源全程硝化污泥(SBR2,投加周期为5d,投加比为2.5%)与长周期分批次投加(SBR1,投加周期为20d,投加比为10%)的SPNA系统总氮去除率分别由31.7%和36.5%升高至76.3%和67.2%,这表明,投加全程硝化污泥有利于提高SPNA系统的脱氮性能,且当投加总量相同时,短周期分批次投加的效果优于长周期分批次投加.功能菌活性结果与脱氮效果一致,SBR1~SBR3的厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)最大活性分别由3.43mg-N/(L·h)升高至7.66,8.19和7.31mg-N/(L·h),氨氧化细菌(AOB)与亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)活性比分别为8.79,9.83和8.78.在间歇曝气条件下投加全程硝化污泥,可选择性抑制NOB、富集AOB,提高AOB与NOB的活性比,利于稳定短程硝化效果,为AnAOB提供稳定的基质,且短周期分批次投加可降低外源硝化污泥中的NOB对系统的冲击,更有利于实现高AOB与NOB活性比,提高系统稳定性.此外,内源短程反硝化菌Candidatus_Competibacter相对丰度明显升高,可为AnAOB提供更多的亚硝酸盐氮,进一步利于AnAOB富集.     

Effect of Light on Biodegradation of Estrone, 17β‐Estradiol,and 17α‐Ethinylestradiol in Stream Sediment

Biodegradation of [A‐ring ¹⁴C] Estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), and 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) to ¹⁴CO₂ was investigated under light and dark conditions in microcosms containing epilithon or sediment collected from Boulder Creek, Colorado. Mineralization of the estrogen A‐ring was observed in all sediment treatments, but not epilithon treatments. No difference in net mineralization between light and dark treatments was observed for ¹⁴C‐E2. Net mineralization of ¹⁴C‐E1 and ¹⁴C‐EE2 was enhanced in light treatments. Extents of ¹⁴CO₂ accumulation and rates of mineralization were significantly greater for E2 than E1 under dark conditions, but were comparable under light conditions. These results indicate substantial differences in the uptake and metabolism of E1 and E2 in the environment and suggest biorecalcitrance of E1 relative to E2 in light‐limited environments. The extent of ¹⁴CO₂ accumulation and rate of mineralization for EE2 in dark treatments were less than half of that observed for E2 and generally lower than for E1, consistent with previous reports of EE2 biorecalcitrance. However, ¹⁴CO₂ accumulation and rates of mineralization were comparable for EE2, E2, and E1 under light conditions. These results indicate photoactivation and/or phototransformation/photodegradation processes can substantially enhance heterotrophic biodegradation of estrogens in sunlit environments and may play an important role in estrogen transport and attenuation.     

回流比对缺氧/好氧生活污水处理装置处理效果的影响

在缺氧／好氧工艺的不同回流比条件下，对处理效果特别是脱氮效果进行了研究。结果表明，混合液和污泥合并回流，当回流比从R=4到R=7时，均能获得良好的脱氮效果，TN去除率达到75．4％以上，出水TN〈10mg／L。而回流比的变化对BOD的去除效果影响较小。当BOD污泥负荷从0．096kg／（kg·d）降低到0．063ks／（kg·d）时，对TN和BOD的去除率影响都很小。     

分段进水A/O工艺的一些关系式

设计分段进水A/O工艺的主要目的是为了充分利用原水中的有机碳进行反硝化,因而便产生了由缺氧池反硝化所需有机碳与硝态氮数量相匹配的原则分配各段污水流量的设计思想。在该设计思想下,分段进水A/O工艺的脱氮效率及按照一定的设计条件确定的反应池容积或水力停留时间与污泥回流比、原水碳氮比等因素间存在着具有一定规律性的关系式,这些关系式直观反映了这些影响因素对脱氮效率的影响及其在反应池设计中所起的作用。对这些关系式进行了推导,分析了各因素对脱氮效率的影响和提高脱氮效率的途径,并推导说明了按照容积负荷相等进行工艺设计时,各缺氧池或各好氧池的容积之间的相对比例关系,以及按照污泥负荷相等进行设计时,各缺氧池或各好氧池的水力停留时间之间的相对比例关系。     

缺氧━好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水的试验研究

采用内填弹性立体填料的缺氧━好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水，试验效果良好。当总水力停留时间≥３５．２ｈ，ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ＿３─Ｎ的去除率分别这８２％和９６％以上，出水浓度均达到国家排放标准。     

江苏省某化工区污水处理厂A~2O工艺的生产调试

江苏省某化工区污水处理厂采用A2O工艺,进水以工业废水为主,采用污泥接种和污泥培养相结合的方式配菌驯化,根据实际情况进行工艺参数优化,对调试过程中发现的问题进行了解决,最终取得调试成功。     

单级好氧除磷工艺与厌氧/好氧除磷工艺的对比研究

以A/O工艺和单级好氧除磷工艺为研究对象,利用生活污水中存在最广泛的乙酸钠作为单一碳源,对比研究了2组SBR（A/O工艺,SBR1;单级好氧除磷工艺,SBR2）的除磷效果.连续进行3个月的研究表明,2组SBR在稳定除磷阶段的除磷率和单位污泥的除磷水平分别为91.72%和3.23 mg.g-1（SBR1）与71.70%和2.91 mg.g-1（SBR2）.进一步研究还发现：在SBR1中PHA合成的同时伴随着糖原质的消耗,而在SBR2中PHA合成的同时伴随糖原质的积累,这意味着单级好氧除磷工艺中PHA的合成无需糖原质的参与;在静置阶段,2组SBR都表现出了很明显的释磷现象,但SBR2具有更高的释磷水平（释磷量分别为2.6 mg.L-1和13.28 mg.L-1）.SBR1和SBR2体现出不同的除磷能力的原因很有可能是2组SBR的微生物在代谢过程中储能物质在消耗和存贮的循环过程中存在差异.     

碳氮比及HRT_S对交替缺氧/好氧CAST去除营养物的影响

以实际生活污水为处理对象,分别研究了碳氮比(COD/TN)为2.6、3.5及4.4时,HRTS(选择器水力停留时间)对交替缺氧/好氧(A/O)CAST工艺去除营养物性能的影响.结果表明,采用交替A/O运行方式,进水COD/TN比及HRTS的变化对COD去除性能影响不明显;而对脱氮性能影响较大.当进水COD/TN比分别为2.6和3.5时,系统氨氮去除率均维持在98%以上,TN去除率则随HRTS的增大而升高;HRTS由1.8h增至5h时,2种碳氮比下的TN去除率分别由62.9%、72.1%升至76.2%、84.6%.当进水COD/TN比为4.4时,HRTS由1.8h增至5h导致系统硝化不完全,TN去除率由86.3%降至58.2%.研究还发现,提高COD/TN比和增大HRTS均能改善系统的除磷性能.本研究中交替A/O运行方式下,进水COD/TN比为4.4(远低于一般城市生活污水的8～10),HRTS为1.8h时,CAST工艺获得较好的脱氮除磷效果,TN及磷的去除率分别为86.3%和93.8%,出水达到我国城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)一级A要求.