治理技术邻苯二甲酸二辛酯废水的处理

采用压滤-刮油-中和吸附-压滤-吸附工艺处理邻苯二甲酸二辛酯废水,对处理工艺的运行条件进行了探讨.出水COD和石油类的去除率分别达到97.7%和99.8%.该法设备简单、投资少、操作方便,对排放量较小的邻苯二甲酸二辛酯废水的处理是行之有效的方法.     

活性炭纤维对染料的吸附性能研究

研究了聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维（P－ACF）、粘胶活性炭纤维（R－ACF）和颗粒活性炭（GAC）对5种红色染料的吸附能力,通过简单的模型,算出5种染料在两种活性炭纤维上的吸附速率常数。结果表明,尽管吸附能力随染料种类不同而有一定的差别,但总体上,聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维的吸附能力略低于颗粒活性炭,而粘胶活性炭纤维的吸附能力则远远优于前两种,对染料有着较大的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率。     

均相Fenton法处理干法腈纶废水工艺优化与分析

采用均相Fenton法处理干法腈纶废水,并通过单因素试验和基于中心组合设计的响应面法考察了H2O2投加量、Fe2+投加量、初始pH值及反应时间的影响及其交互作用.同时,建立了以COD去除率为响应值的二次响应曲面模型,并采用方差分析对模型进行了验证.结果表明,影响COD去除效果的各因子显著性顺序依次为:Fe2+投加量>H2O2投加量>初始pH值>反应时间;Fe2+投加量与初始pH值的交互作用最为显著;反应最优组合条件为:H2O2投加量90.0mmol.L-1,Fe2+投加量30.0mmol.L-1、初始pH值3.1,反应时间113.6min,该条件下COD去除率为47.1%,与模型预测值48.5%基本一致.     

严酷海洋大气环境下玻璃纤维复合材料腐蚀老化规律研究

目的 研究严酷海洋大气环境下,玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料的腐蚀老化规律.方法 通过实海大气环境试验,分析了南海岛礁大气环境下,复合材料暴露不同周期后的腐蚀形貌特征以及力学性能变化规律,建立了腐蚀老化性能预测灰色模型GM(1,1),并与青岛、厦门和三亚等典型海洋大气环境进行对比研究.结果 随暴露时间的增长,南海岛礁大气环境下的复合材料发生严重的纤维裸露,其弯曲强度呈下降趋势,基于弯曲强度建立的灰色模型GM(1,1)精度达到1级;与其他典型海洋大气环境相比,随着纬度的降低,复合材料的弯曲强度呈下降趋势.结论 灰色模型GM(1,1)对复合材料在岛礁等严酷海洋大气环境下的腐蚀老化性能预测精度较高.影响复合材料性能的最主要环境因素为辐照,其次为相对湿度和温度.     

中国湿巾代谢分析及环境影响评估

为评估湿巾塑料消耗及污染现状,比较不同材质湿巾环境影响表现,开展了中国湿巾"生产-使用-废弃处置"全过程物质流分析,通过市场调研获知湿巾材质分布,开展全国消费者问卷调查获知废弃湿巾流向.对不同材质湿巾开展全生命周期环境影响评价,系统比较评估其环境影响.结果表明,"70%聚酯纤维+30%粘胶纤维"混合材质湿巾是中国最为常见的湿巾类型,2019年中国湿巾用塑量达41万t,经消费者使用丢弃后约有18.9%直接泄露进入自然环境.在焚烧、填埋处置方式中,全粘胶纤维湿巾全生命周期综合环境影响比全聚酯纤维湿巾低38%,前者水污染突出但资源消耗、毒性风险优势明显;在直接泄露方式中,全粘胶纤维湿巾可避免聚酯纤维泄露后崩解为微塑料纤维的环境风险.     

活性炭纤维负载柠檬酸铁活化过硫酸氢钾降解罗丹明B的研究

以ACF（活性炭纤维）为载体,制备出一种新的非均相催化剂ACF@Cit-Fe/S〔将Cit-Fe（柠檬酸铁）负载在ACF表面并引入S元素〕,并采用SEM-EDS（电镜-能谱）、XPS（X射线光电子能谱）对其进行表征,研究其活化PMS（过硫酸氢钾）降解染料RhB（罗丹明B）的降解效果.结果表明:①ACF表面成功负载了Cit-Fe和S元素,Cit-Fe和S元素的掺杂增强了ACF催化PMS的性能,能有效降解染料RhB,反应120 min时RhB的脱色率达98%.②ρ（ACF@Cit-Fe/S）、c（PMS）对RhB降解有一定的影响,ρ（ACF@Cit-Fe/S）为0.5 g/L、c（PMS）为6 mmol/L是降解RhB（10 mg/L）的最佳投加量.③温度对RhB降解速率的影响符合阿伦尼乌斯模型,通过计算得出活化能为39.47 kJ/mol,降解过程是一个表面反应控制过程.④以叔丁醇、甲醇、苯酚为分子探针的自由基清除试验显示,SO₄-·（硫酸根自由基）和HO·（羟基自由基）是降解反应过程中主要的自由基,其主要存在于催化剂表面及其周围.研究显示,ACF@Cit-Fe/S能用于活化PMS的高级氧化体系中,ACF@Cit-Fe/S表面丰富的电子转移过程导致其活化PMS的能力增强,从而促进SO₄-·和HO·的产生,提高RhB的降解效率.      

Influence of metal ions on sulfonamide antibiotics biochemical behavior in fiber coexisting system

Metal ions and fiber are common compounds in the livestock and poultry manure,which will affect the fate of organic compounds in aqueous environment. However,limited research has addressed the effect of coexisting metal ions and fiber on the biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics. Accordingly, a compositing study was performed to assess the effect of metal ions(Fe3+and Cu2+) on the biodegradation of sulfadimethoxine sodium salt(SDM) in the presence of fiber. The enhanced adsorption of SDM onto fiber in the presence of metal ions can be attributed to the π+–π electron donor acceptor(EDA) interaction. The microbial(Phanerochaete chrysosprium) could easily attach onto fiber forming attached microbial, and the degradation rates of SDM of immobilized bacteria in the presence of Fe3 +were 100%, which were significantly higher than those of free bacteria(45%). This study indicates that Fe3 +and fiber could enhance the biodegradation of SDM. Fiber acts as adsorbent, carrier, and substrate which enhanced the removal of SDM.     

Green Composites as Panacea? Socio-Economic Aspects of Green Materials

Much academic research and industrial development explores new ways to create greener and environmentally friendlier chemicals and materials for a variety of applications. A significant part of this work focuses on the development, processing and manufacturing, recycling and disposal of green plastics, adhesives, polymer composites, blends and many other industrial products from renewable resources. Natural fibres offer the potential to deliver greater added value, sustainability, renewability and lower costs especially in the automotive industry. Further research involves the fibre crop production. The ever-increasing volume of scientific literature refers with enthusiasm to the potential of natural fibres in technological, economic and ecological terms. This enthusiasm tends to also expand to the areas of human life and socio-economic development for the fibre crop growers and their communities. However, there is very little debate or evidence to support statements about the assumed advantages for the affected population in rural areas. We argue that despite the predicted new boom in the demand of natural fibres, it is unlikely that this will represent a real improvement in the quality of life of crop fibre growers and their communities. This paper examines the experience of Mexico as a case study and argues that only through consistent political will and co-operation between governments, industry, scientists, consumer groups and local communities, as well as a suitable economic strategy such as local subsidies, a truly sustainable economic development, social equity and improved environmental quality will be achieved for tens of thousands of natural fibre growers.     

混杂纤维混凝土高温性能研究

根据近年来对纤维混凝土高温性能的试验研究,分析了纤维对混凝土高温性能的影响,探讨了纤维混凝土在高温下的力学性能及合理的纤维掺量,以期为今后混杂纤维混凝土的高温性能研究及其应用起到指导作用。     

苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料湿热老化性能研究

研究了苯并噁嗪树脂及苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料的湿热老化性能。采用RTM工艺,制备了苯并噁嗪树脂浇铸体、碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强增强苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料,采用DSC,DMA,TGA等表征了苯并噁嗪树脂及苯并噁嗪树脂树脂基复合材料的常温干态热性能,分别测试了70℃和120℃的湿热老化性能。结果表明：苯并噁嗪树脂浇铸体、碳纤维和玻璃纤维增强苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料具有优异的常温干态力学性能。70℃时,部分性能保持率在70%以上;120℃时,部分性能保持率在50%以上。苯并噁嗪树脂及苯并噁嗪树脂基复合材料表现出优异的抗湿热老化性能。