HLB-MR反应器直接处理城市污水及回收有机物

采用中空纤维超滤膜组件构建了高负荷生物絮凝-膜反应器（HLB-MR）,对其直接处理城市污水及回收有机物进行了研究.结果表明：当水力停留时间（HRT）为1.0h,固体停留时间（SRT）为0.2d时,该工艺可回收进水总COD的60.8%,据估算约有39%的进水总COD可通过中温厌氧消化转化为甲烷能源回收,有机物的甲烷转化率为活性污泥法剩余污泥的2倍以上,能实现污水中有机物的高效回收和利用;经过有机物回收后膜出水的COD能稳定保持在30mg/L左右,且出水中氮、磷营养物保有值均较高又不含固体杂质和病原体,可将其用作灌溉用水,实现水资源回用;SRT分别为0.2,0.6,1.0d时,反应器对胶体COD絮凝效率分别为81.9%、95.1%、96.8%,絮凝效率越高,膜污染越轻,良好的生物絮凝效果可有效减轻膜污染,保证工艺的稳定运行.     

Comparative studies on fouling of homogeneous anion exchange membranes by different structured organics in electrodialysis

Five negatively charged organic compounds with different structures, sodium methane sulfonate (MS), sodium benzene sulfonate (BS), sodium 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate (NSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), were used to examine the fouling of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) in electrodialysis (ED), to explore the effect of molecular characteristics on the fouling behavior on the AEM and changes in the surface and electrochemical properties of the AEM. Results indicated that the fouling degree of the AEM by the different organics followed the order: SDBS?>?SDS?>?NSS?>?BS?>?MS. SDBS and SDS formed a dense fouling layer on the surface of the AEM, which was the main factor in the much more severe membrane fouling, and completely restricted the transmembrane ion migration. The other three organics caused fouling of the AEM by adsorption on the surface and /or accumulation in the interlayer of the AEM, and exhibited almost no influence on the transmembrane ion migration. It was also concluded that the organics with benzene rings caused more severe fouling of the AEM due to the stronger affinity interaction and steric effect between the organics and the AEM compared with organics with aliphatic chains.     

小分子有机醇强化过硫酸盐氧化水中二苯甲酮-3的研究

探究了小分子有机醇对过二硫酸盐(Peroxydisulfate, PDS)氧化降解二苯甲酮-3(Benzophenone-3, BP-3)的强化作用及反应机制.研究结果表明,4种有机醇(甲醇、丙醇、乙二醇和丙三醇)均在一定浓度范围内能有效促进过硫酸盐氧化降解BP-3,BP-3的降解速率随醇类分子碳链长度和羟基数目的增加而增加,增强效果依次为丙三醇>乙二醇>丙醇>甲醇.在低添加量时(21.9~350 μmol·L^-1),有机醇的添加增加了BP-3降解速率,但随着醇量的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,例如丙三醇添加量从21.9 μmol·L^-1增加到87.6 μmol·L^-1,BP-3降解动力学常数从2.91×10^-4 s^-1提高到3.58×10^-4 s^-1,增加了0.23倍;但加入过多的醇却抑制了BP-3的降解,例如丙三醇添加量从87.6 μmol·L^-1进一步增加到350 μmol·L^-1,BP-3降解速率降低29.0%(2.54×10^-4 s^-1).反应温度也能有效促进醇的强化作用,温度从40 ℃升至60 ℃,添加丙三醇87.6 μmol·L^-1,BP-3的降解速率常数从6.84×10^-6 s^-1提高至6.69×10^-4 s^-1,提高了96.8倍.小分子有机醇主要是通过与·OH反应产生醇自由基,进一步激活过硫酸盐产生SO₄^·-,显著增加了SO₄^·-的产率,从而加速过硫酸盐降解BP-3的效率.     

处理难降解有机物的新型SBR反应器的发展

本文在分析ＳＢＲ 工艺特点的基础上,从反应器本身及ＳＢＲ 反应运行工序的设计两方面对处理难降解有机物新型ＳＢＲ 反应器的发展作了论述。分析认为ＳＢＲ 工艺将在中小型企业含难降解有机物工业废水处理中广泛应用。     

人工湿地废水处理机理

对人工湿地的构造、作用机理进行了较详尽的说明,湿地中物理、化学及生物协同作用以及湿地植物输氧造成的湿地基质中好氧、缺氧和厌氧状态的交替出现是保证其对氮磷及有机物具有较强处理效率的原因。研究表明：对进水浓度较低的城市污水,湿地的ＢＯＤ５和ＣＯＤ去除率大于８０％,出水ＢＯＤ２为１０ｍｇ／Ｌ左右。总氮及总磷去除率可大６０％和９０％,较常规二级处理方式具有一定的优越性。     

焦化废水中难降解有机物去除的研究

研究了以UV(紫外线)照射、O₃氧化及厌氧酸化作为预处理方法来提高焦化废水生物降解性能的可行性和作用机理,并由此提出了一条新的工艺路线:A-A/O工艺。研究表明,以A-A/O工艺去除焦化废水中的难降解有机物效果显著,经济可行。      

Modification on the conventional procedure to measure AOC in drinking water

Additional phosphorus will be introduced to water sample if the conventional procedure is used to measure assimilable organic carbon(AOC) in drinking water. It has been shown that there are the cases that phosphorus is the limiting nutrient for microbial growth in drinking water. The measured value of AOC would not be able to indicate appropriately the regrowth potential of bacteria in this case. The conventional procedure used to measure AOC was modified to avoid the introduction of additional phosphorus to water sample in this study. It was shown that it was feasible to measure AOC in water using the modified procedure. Furthermore, the measured value of AOC determined by the modified procedure could indicate appropriately the regrowth potential of bacteria in drinking water despite either organics or phosphorus was the limiting nutrient for bacterial regrowth.