钠添加剂对NOxOUT工艺影响的研究

在苯胺废液流化床焚烧实验装置上进行了以尿素做还原剂的选择性非催化还原脱硝(NOxOUT)试验,研究了不同钠添加剂(Na2CO3、NaOH和NaCl)对脱硝率以及温度窗口的影响.结果显示:微量的钠添加剂即可明显促进脱硝反应,脱硝率随着钠添加剂用量的增加而升高,钠添加剂通过产生·OH活性基团从而促进脱硝反应,3种钠添加剂对脱硝效果促进作用大小依次为NaOH、Na2CO3、NaCl,在温度为900~950℃,氨氮比为1.5,空气过剩系数为1.0~1.2时,NOxOUT脱硝率达到最大值.利用热力学原理计算出NOxOUT脱硝反应的摩尔反应焓、摩尔反应吉布斯函数、化学平衡常数等热力学参数,结果表明NOxOUT脱硝是热力学可行的.     

Alginate modifies the physiological impact of CeO2 nanoparticles in corn seedlings cultivated in soil

Alginates are naturally occurring components of organic matter in natural soil whose effects on nanoparticle （NP） toxicity to plants is not well understood. In the present study, corn plants were grown for one month in soil spiked with 400 mg/kg CeO2 NPs with various alginate concentrations. After one month of growth in the NPs impacted soil, plants were harvested and analyzed for Ce and mineral element concentrations. Chlorophyll concentration and heat shock protein 70, used as biomarkers for oxidative stress, were also evaluated. Results showed that, compared to CeO2 NPs treatment, alginate at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg increased Ce concentration in roots by approximately 46%, 38%, and 29% and by 115%, 45%, and 56% in shoots, respectively. CeO 2 NPs without alginate increased Mn accumulation in roots by 34% compared to control. CeO2 NPs with low and medium alginate increased Mn by ca. 92% respect to NPs without alginate and by ca. 155% respect to control. CeO2 NPs without/with alginate significantly increased accumulation of Fe and Al in roots. In addition, alginate at 50 mg/kg increased Zn accumulation in roots by 52% compared to control. In shoots, K increased at all NP treatments but the accumulation of other elements was not affected. Alginate enlarged the impact of CeO2 NPs to corn plants by reducing chlorophyll a content and triggering overexpression of heat shock protein 70.     

某油田压裂返排液混凝—氧化处理研究

以某油田压裂返排液为研究对象,针对其特点,采用"PAC(聚合氯化铝)混凝—次氯酸钠氧化"处理方法,通过考查出水的COD降解情况,确定"混凝—氧化"试验的最佳条件,最终使得压裂返排液COD由343.2 mg/L降低至90.7 mg/L,COD去除率达到74.6%,低于当地排放标准(100mg/L)。     

HAZOP分析在硝酸钠处理工艺中的应用

运用HAZOP分析对硝酸钠处理工艺进行危险性分析,列举了硝酸钠处理工艺中有意义的偏差、偏差发生的原因、可能导致的后果,并提出了相应的建议措施。     

硫代硫酸盐法浸取废旧手机元器件中的银

采用NaS_2O_3-CuSO_4-NH_4OH-Na_3(C_6H_5O_7)体系,从废弃手机电子元器件中浸取银,考察了硫代硫酸钠浓度、氨水浓度、硫酸铜浓度、柠檬酸钠浓度、温度以及浸出时间等对浸银过程的影响,结果表明:当硫代硫酸钠为0.2 mol/L,氨水为0.2 mol/L,硫酸铜为0.01 mol/L,柠檬酸钠为0.05 mol/L,温度为40℃,搅拌速率为400 r/min,固液比1∶200(g/m L),浸出时间为24 h时,银的浸出率约为94.1%,柠檬酸钠的添加可明显提高银的浸出速率,从而降低硫代硫酸钠的消耗量。     

二氧化铅的水溶液体系还原研究

分别采用硫酸亚铁和亚硫酸钠对PbO_2进行还原研究,考察了还原剂浓度(过量系数)、反应时间、反应温度等工艺参数对PbO_2还原率的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析还原产物的物相和形貌。结果表明:硫酸亚铁为还原剂时,PbO_2的还原率随着还原剂浓度的降低、反应温度的升高而增加,反应时间对PbO_2还原率影响较小。硫酸亚铁还原最佳条件为:硫酸亚铁过量系数为1~1.1,反应时间为60 min,反应温度为90℃,n(H_2SO_4)∶n(PbO_2)为3∶1,二氧化铅还原率最高仅为52.4%;亚硫酸钠作为还原剂时,PbO_2的还原率随着亚硫酸钠过量系数增加和反应温度的提高而增大,反应时间对PbO_2还原率影响较小,当亚硫酸钠过量系数为6.0、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为60 min时,PbO_2还原率可达100%,完全还原后,粉体由近球形演变为短棒状。     

二氧化硫及其衍生物对大鼠心肌细胞胶原蛋白表达的影响

以100μmol·L~(-1)亚硫酸氢钠对H9C2心肌细胞染毒不同时间(3,6,12,24 h),采用Wistar大鼠作为模型进行整体动物染毒,SO_2组动式吸入SO_2(7 mg·m~(-3))28 d,每天4 h;SO~(2+)NALC(N-乙酰半胱氨酸)组吸入同样条件的SO_2,且自SO_2染毒之日起隔天腹腔注射50 mg·kg-1(b.w.)NALC,对照组吸入新鲜空气并注射生理盐水.测定大鼠心脏组织和H9C2细胞内ROS含量;采用荧光定量PCR和Western blot分析I型胶原(Col1a1)和III型胶原(Col3a1)的mRNA转录和蛋白表达水平.结果显示SO_2及其衍生物引起的氧化应激显著增加了活性氧(ROS)的产生;SO_2及其衍生物不能诱导大鼠心脏组织和H9C2细胞中Col1a1和Col3a1 mRNA转录水平的显著改变,但Col1a1和Col3a1的蛋白表达水平显著升高;同时NALC可减少心脏组织中ROS的产生,有效抑制SO_2吸入后Col1a1和Col3a1蛋白表达的上升.提示SO_2吸入后可能通过产生ROS最终导致胶原蛋白表达的增加.     

阴离子表面活性剂改性水滑石吸附硝基苯的特性研究

以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)为改性剂,采用共沉淀法在不同表面活性剂浓度,0.5～2.0理论阴离子交换容量(theoretical anion exchange capacity,TAEC)条件下制备了有机水滑石LDH-DS,并用XRD、FT-IR表征了样品的结构特征.结果表明十二烷基硫酸根成功插层进入LDH层间,d003底面间距由0.80 nm增大至3.98 nm.同时研究了LDH-DS对硝基苯的吸附性能,表明有机水滑石对硝基苯的等温吸附曲线符合线型方程(R2>0.99),吸附过程主要为分配作用.随着样品中SDS负载量的增加,LDH-DS对硝基苯的吸附系数Kd相应增强,但有机碳标化的吸附系数Koc值基本保持恒定.吸附热力学实验显示吸附过程为吸热反应,熵增大是吸附过程的驱动力.     

Biodegradation of oil wastewater by free and immobilized Yarrowia lipolytica W29

The ability of Yarrowia lipolytica W29 immobilized by calcium alginate to degrade oil and chemical oxygen demand(COD) was examined.The degradation rules of oil and COD by immobilized cells with the cell density of 6.65 × 106 CFU/mL degraded 2000 mg/L oil and 2000 mg/L COD within 50 h at 30℃(pH 7.0,150 r/min),similarly to those of free cells,and the degradation effciencies of oil and COD by immobilized cells were above 80%,respectively.The factors affecting oil and COD degradation by immobilized cells were i...     

Remediation of sulfidic wastewater by catalytic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide

Oxidation of sulfide in aqueous solution by hydrogen peroxide was investigated in the presence of hydrated ferric oxide catalyst. The ferric oxide catalyst was synthesized by sol gel technique from ferric chloride and ammonia. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray di raction analysis, scanning electrom microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The catalyst was quite e ective in oxidizing the sulfide by hydrogen peroxide. The e ects of sulfide concentration, catalyst loading, H2O2 dosing and temperature on the kinetics of sulfide oxidation were investigated. Kinetic equations and activation energies for the catalytic oxidation reaction were calculated based on the experimental results.