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941.
热喷处理污泥及其复混肥的养分效率与生物效应 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
采用室内分析和田间生物试验,研究了热喷处理污泥及其复混肥的养分供应能力及它们在农地上施用对土壤肥力、青菜产量及其品质的影响。结果表明:热喷处理能有效杀灭污泥中病原物,除自,并可使污泥中水溶性有机碳和速效氮含量分别提高87%,19%和35%,施用热喷污泥制成的复混肥不但比等养分的无机复合肥多增产38%,而且青菜体内Vc和水溶性总糖等营养品质也有明显的提高,NO3^-却只有无机复合肥处理的一半左右,污泥经势喷处理有利于提高污泥中养分的生物有效性,特别是热喷污泥制成的复混肥氮磷养分利用率显著高于无机复合肥,施用污泥和污泥复混肥还能提高土壤肥力,比单纯大量施用污泥要安全得多,土地使用年限可延长40倍。 相似文献
942.
不同土地利用类型下土壤特性及重金属评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在哈尔滨市周家镇选择典型的五种土地利用类型(耕地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地、林地、水域),24个样品,研究乡级小城镇不同土地利用类型下土壤特性及重金属状况.结果显示:(1)耕地的土壤理化性状最低,有机质与全氮有显著的正相关;(2)乡级小城镇不同土地利用类型下土壤中Zn、Pb含量存在显著差异,交通用地与耕地含量较高,同时各土地利用类型的内梅罗综合污染指数均达到中污染;(3)人类活动对土壤质量影响最大的是交通活动,其次是耕地施肥、使用农药及翻耕等,在次是居民生活. 相似文献
943.
施用磷石膏对碱化土壤氟含量及其吸附特性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过室内培养试验和田间试验就施用磷石膏对土壤氟含量和土壤对氟吸附特性的影响进行了研究.结果表明,经连续4年施用磷石膏改良土壤后,0—20cm土层全氟积累现象明显.但是,土壤水溶性氟含量却随磷石膏施用量增加而降低.土壤对氟的吸附数据均能与Langmuir,Freundilich和Temkin方程很好地拟合,施用磷石膏处理土壤对氟的最大吸附量高于没有施用磷石膏处理的.影响土壤水溶性氟含量和吸附特性的主要因素可能是土壤钙含量的增加和pH值的降低. 相似文献
944.
公路边土壤和水稻中铅的分布,累积及临界含量 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
在距公路5、10、50、100、200m准备收割的稻田中同时采集土壤及稻米样品。对2条公路的样品分析结果表明,汽车尾气中铅的污染大多集中在公路两侧50m左右的范围内。土壤自身性质对路边土壤及水稻中铅的分布、累积具有显著影响。经壤水稻中铅的累积量小于重壤水稻土,但轻壤水稻糙米的含铅量却高于重壤。轻壤中土壤含铅量和糙米含铅量之间具有相关关系。探讨了公路边土壤的临界含量问题,推算出轻壤中此值为58mg/ 相似文献
945.
Fearnside Philip M. Lashof Daniel A. Moura-Costa Pedro 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2000,5(3):239-270
Many proposed activities formitigating global warming in the land-use change and forestry(LUCF) sector differ from measures to avoid fossilfuel emissions because carbon (C) may be held out ofthe atmosphere only temporarily. In addition, thetiming of the effects is usually different. Many LUCFactivities alter C fluxes to and from the atmosphereseveral decades into the future, whereas fossil fuelemissions avoidance has immediate effects. Non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are animportant part of emissions from deforestation inlow-latitude regions, also pose complications forcomparisons between fossil fuel and LUCF, since themechanism generally used to compare these gases(global warming potentials) assumes simultaneousemissions. A common numeraire is needed to expressglobal warming mitigation benefits of different kindsof projects, such as fossil fuel emissions reduction,C sequestration in forest plantations, avoideddeforestation by creating protected areas and throughpolicy changes to slow rates of land-use changes suchas clearing. Megagram (Mg)-year (also known as`ton-year') accounting provides a mechanism forexpressing the benefits of activities such as these ona consistent basis. One can calculate the atmosphericload of each GHG that will be present in each year,expressed as C in the form of CO2 and itsinstantaneous impact equivalent contributed by othergases. The atmospheric load of CO2-equivalent Cpresent over a time horizon is a possible indicator ofthe climatic impact of the emission that placed thisload in the atmosphere. Conversely, this index alsoprovides a measure of the benefit of notproducing the emission. One accounting methodcompares sequestered CO2 in trees with theCO2 that would be in the atmosphere had thesequestration project not been undertaken, whileanother method (used in this paper) compares theatmospheric load of C (or equivalent in non-CO2GHGs) in both project and no-project scenarios.Time preference, expressed by means of a discount rateon C, can be applied to Mg-year equivalencecalculations to allow societal decisions regarding thevalue of time to be integrated into the system forcalculating global warming impacts and benefits. Giving a high value to time, either by raising thediscount rate or by shortening the time horizon,increases the value attributed to temporarysequestration (such as many forest plantationprojects). A high value for time also favorsmitigation measures that have rapid effects (such asslowing deforestation rates) as compared to measuresthat only affect emissions years in the future (suchas creating protected areas in countries with largeareas of remaining forest). Decisions on temporalissues will guide mitigation efforts towards optionsthat may or may not be desirable on the basis ofsocial and environmental effects in spheres other thanglobal warming. How sustainable development criteriaare incorporated into the approval and creditingsystems for activities under the Kyoto Protocol willdetermine the overall environmental and social impactsof pending decisions on temporal issues. 相似文献
946.
Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil subsamples experimentally loaded with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in orthogonal design was investigated by sequential extraction, and operationally defined as water-soluble and exchangeable(SE), weakly specific adsorbed( WSA),Fe and Mn oxides-bound(OX) and organic-bound( ORG). The results showed that fractions of heavy metals in the soil subsamples depended on their speciation. About 90% of Cd and 75% of Zn existed in soil subsamples in the SE fraction. Lead and Cu existed in soil subsamples as SE, WSA and OX fractions simultaneously, although SE was still the major fraction. Organic-bound heavy metals were not clearly apparent in all the soil subsamples. The concentration of some heavy metal fractions in soil subsamples showed the good correlation with ionic impulsion of soil, especially for the SE fraction. Continuous saturation of soil subsamples with 0.20 mol/L NH4CI, which is the first step for determination of the negative surface charge of soil by the ion retention method, resulted in desorption of certain heavy metals from the soil. It was found that the percentage desorption of heavy metals from soil subsamples depended greatly on pH, the composition and original heavy metal content of the soil subsamples. However, most of the heavy metals in the soil subsamples were still be retained after multiple saturation. Compared with the parent soil, the negative surface charge of soil subsamples loaded with heavy metals did not show difference significantly from that of the parent one by statistical analysis. Heavy metals existed in the soil subsamples mainly as exchangeable and precipitated simultaneously. 相似文献
947.
948.
Distribution of atrazine in a crop-soil-groundwater system at Baiyangdian Lake area in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IntroductionAtrazine(2chloro4ethylamino6isopropylaminostriazine)isoneofthemostwidelyusedselectivepreandpostemergenceherbicidesforthecontrolofbroadleafandgrassyweeds.ThisherbicideisprimarilyusedincorncroppingsysteminNortheastandNorthofChina,andasoftentim… 相似文献
949.
950.
Compound contamination and secondary ecological effects of Cd and As in soil-alfalfa ecosystems 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
CompoundcontaminationandsecondaryecologicaleffectsofCdandAsinsoil-alfalfaecosystems(ZhouQixing;GaoZhengmin)(InstituteofApplie... 相似文献