微酸多年卧孔菌产漆酶条件优化及其在染料脱色中的应用

微酸多年卧孔菌(Perenniporia subacida)产漆酶能力对生物漂白等研究具有重要意义.通过单因子和正交试验确定了微酸多年卧孔菌(菌株号:Dai 8224)的最适产酶条件:麦芽糖20 g/L,酵母浸粉5 g/L,pH 5.4,Cu2+2.0 mmol/L,培养温度24℃,转速160 r/min,接种量1.5%(V/V),此时酶活最高可达1.945 U/mL.单独使用微酸多年卧孔菌漆酶粗酶液对染料具有很好的脱色效果.该菌株对于50 mg/L杂环类染料中性红的脱色率可达98.3%,对偶氮染料刚果红的脱色率次之,为91.57%,对亚甲基蓝和铬天青的脱色率也都在80%以上.此外,其催化中性红脱色的最佳底物浓度为60 mg/L,脱色率达到99.42%,其中,生物降解作用占55.92%,菌体吸附作用占43.5%.结果表明该菌对多种染料脱色具有较大的应用潜力.图4表3参31     

Continuous biohydrogen production from diluted molasses in an anaerobic contact reactor

An anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) system comprising a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with settler to decouple the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT) was developed for fermentative hydrogen production from diluted molasses by mixed microbial cultures. The ACR was operated at various volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 20–44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 with constant HRT of 6 h under mesophilic conditions of 35°C. The SRT was maintained at about 46–50 h in the system. At the initial VLR of 20 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate dropped from 22.6 to 1.58 L·d^-1 as the hydrogen was consumed by the hydrogentrophic methanogen. After increasing the VLR to 28 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 and discharging the sludge for 6 consecutive times, the hydrogentrophic methanogens were eliminated, and the hydrogen content reached 36.4%. As the VLR was increased to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield increased to 42.1 L·d^-1 and 1.40 mol H₂·molglucose-consumed^-1, respectively. The results showed that a stable ethanol-type fermentation that favored hydrogen production in the reactor was thus established with the sludge loading rate (SLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD·kgMLVSS^-1·d^-1. It was found that the ethanol increased more than other liquid fermentation products, and the ethanol/acetic acid (mol/mol) ratio increased from 1.27 to 2.45 when the VLR increased from 28 to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, whereas the hydrogen composition decreased from 40.4% to 36.4%. The results suggested that the anaerobic contact reactor was a promising bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production.     

基于pH值调控的沉积型微生物燃料电池（SMFC）运行特性

以蓝藻发酵液为处理对象,分别研究两极区pH值对沉积型微生物燃料电池（Sediment Microbial FuelCell,SMFC）运行特性的影响.结果表明,阳极碱性（pH=8.5）阴极酸性（pH=5.5）时,SMFC输出功率最高（83.55 mW·m-2）,COD去除率（63%）仅次于阴、阳极中性（阴、阳极pH值均...     

餐厨垃圾综合资源化处理技术实例研究

在目前餐厨垃圾处理现状基础上,介绍了一种餐厨垃圾处理工艺,采用机械生物处理技术,包括收运系统、粉碎分选预处理、厌氧发酵生物处理、沼气热电联供、有机堆肥、废水处理、除臭系统多个环节,分离出油脂进行回收,垃圾厌氧发酵产生沼气发电,沼渣进行堆肥,以期实现餐厨垃圾减量化、无害化、资源化,解决"垃圾猪"、"地沟油"问题。     

剩余污泥碱性发酵产物对硝化过程及性能的影响

为探究剩余污泥碱性发酵产物作为碳源对硝化过程及性能的影响,建立了以污泥碱性发酵混合物作为碳源的生物脱氮(BNR)系统.投加初期,氨氧化菌(AOB)和亚硝态氮氧化菌(NOB)活性均受到抑制;16 d后AOB活性开始迅速恢复,NOB活性仍受到抑制,比硝态氮积累速率(SNaPR,以N/VSS计)由初始的0.179 1 g·(g·d)^-1下降至0.007 8 g·(g·d)^-1,系统内亚硝积累率由8.12%上升至91.42%并维持稳定.将污泥发酵混合物分离为污泥发酵液和污泥发酵底泥,考察添加3种不同类型的发酵产物对硝化效果良好的全程硝化污泥硝化活性的影响.结果表明,投加污泥碱性发酵混合物和投加碱性发酵液的实验组,NOB活性皆有所下降,SNaPR由初始的0.179 3 g·(g·d)^-1分别下降至0.151 0 g·(g·d)^-1和0.161 7 g·(g·d)^-1;投加发酵底泥的实验组,NOB的活性有所上升,SNaPR由0.179 3 g·(g·d)^-1上升至0....     

Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

● We have provided an activated method to remove the toxicity of antibiotic residue. ● PFRB can greatly improve the salt adsorption capacity of MCDI. ● The hierarchical porous and abundant O/N-doped played the key role for the high-capacity desalination. ● A new field of reuse of penicillin fermentation residue has been developed. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an efficient desalination technology for brine. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) possesses a hierarchical porous and O/N-doped structure which could serve as a high-capacity desalination electrode in the MCDI system. Under optimal conditions (electrode weight, voltage, and concentration) and a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of the electrode can reach 26.4 mg/g, which is higher than that of most carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the PFRB electrode were characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a maximum specific capacitance of 212.18 F/g. Finally, biotoxicity tests have showed that PFRB was non-biotoxin against luminescent bacteria and the MCDI system with the PFRB electrode remained stable even after 27 adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a novel way to recycle penicillin residue and an electrode that can achieve excellent desalination.     

溜曲霉固态发酵葵花盘生产蛋白饲料研究

以葵花盘为原料,利用溜曲霉 Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｔａｍａｒｉｉ Ｎｏ．８２７ 菌株,进行直接固态发酵生产微生物蛋白饲料研究．在组成为（ ｗ／ ％ ） ：葵花盘１８ ,硫酸铵１ ．８ ,磷酸氢二钠０ ．４ ,磷酸二氢钾０ ．０６ ,相对湿度８２ ％ 的发酵培养基中,θ＝ （３４ ±１） ℃,固态培养７２ ｈ ,产物粗蛋白含量（ ｗ） 由７ ．８ ％ 增加至２４ ．２８ ％ ,产物收率大于５３ ％ ．认为该结果为合理利用农业纤维类废弃物,开发用途广泛的生物蛋白资源提供了一条可行的工艺路线     

利用有机基质厌氧生物产氢的试验研究

对利用有机基质厌氧生物产氢过程进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 ,污泥种类、基质种类、基质浓度和起始 p H对厌氧产氢反应有显著影响。当校河底泥在以 2 0 g COD/L的果糖为基质 ,起始 p H为 6.5时 ,产氢效果最佳 ,停滞期仅为 5 h,产气速率高达5 0 .1m L/g VSS·h,且可持续 12 h,累积产气量高达 60 4.9m L/g VSS,其中氢气含量约为 5 0 %。半连续试验的结果表明 ,若及时更换和补充基质 ,适当调节 p H,就可实现持续产氢 ,在 16h内平均产气速率可达 60 .0 m L /g VSS· h,氢气含量约为 45 %。     

Methane fermentation of dung from litter-free reared domestic animals — an optimisation study

Data on the quantity (27 453 tons from litter-free reared animals in Bulgaria, only) and the chemical and energy characteristics of dung produced in intensive management farms for domestic animals suggests that technologies combining biogenic elements recycling with energy utilistation and dung decontamination are expedient to be applied on these types of farms. To this effect a fermenter was designed and a mathematical model (a Chen-Hashimoto model based computer programme) was applied, as a result of which the optimum methane fermentation parameters were determined. The technological methane output (Y_v) — indicator of biogas production efficiency (output/dm³ fermentor volume) showed an optimum at temperature 55°C and period of exchange 6 days. The methane output per unit mineralised organic matter in the substrate (B) — assumed as an indicator of ecological efficiency (maximum organic matter degradation) exhibited an optimum at 33°C for 15 days period of exchange.     

淀粉废水生产微生物絮凝剂及发酵动力学特征

以淀粉生产废水为原料制备微生物絮凝剂,考察了外加磷酸盐、氮源对微生物絮凝剂产量和絮凝活性的影响,分析了絮凝菌的生长与代谢特征,检测了发酵过程中pH值、COD、氨氮、及总磷的变化规律,分别利用Logistic和Luedeking-Piret模型对絮凝菌生长和代谢产物生成的动力学过程进行了拟合,并探索了微生物絮凝剂对淀粉废水的絮凝沉降性能.结果表明,外加6g/L的磷酸盐（K2HPO4：KH2PO4=2：1,w/w）和2g/L的尿素,所制备微生物絮凝剂的产量和絮凝活性分别显著提高至0.96g/L和92.8%.在对数生长期,菌体干重、细胞浓度OD₆₀₀和菌落数分别迅速增加至1.58g/L、0.86和5.3×10⁷cfu/mL,淀粉废水培养基的COD、氨氮、总磷分别由7836、975、712mg/L迅速降低至1736、188、146mg/L. 絮凝菌发酵结束后,发酵培养基的pH值由6.8略降至6.5.絮凝菌代谢获得的微生物絮凝剂中多糖含量为96.2%,基本不含蛋白质.Logistic和Luedeking-Piret模型的拟合结果能够较好地描述絮凝菌生长和代谢产物生成的动力学过程.此外,本实验制备的微生物絮凝剂在投加量为30mg/L时,能够去除淀粉废水中48.6%的COD和71.9%的浊度.