PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs in wild terrestrial mammals from Japan: congener specific accumulation and hepatic sequestration

The present study determined the contamination levels and congener-specific accumulation features of dioxins and related compounds (DRCs) in wild terrestrial mammals such as large Japanese field mice (LJFM), lesser Japanese moles (LJMs), and raccoon dogs (RDs) collected from Kanto region in Japan during 2001. The toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) levels in the carcasses or adipose tissues were in the order of RDs > or = LJMs > LJFM. Comparison of DRC congener profiles in the three species and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated a higher contribution of OCDD, T4CB77, and P5CB118 in LJMs. Analysis of liver-adipose distribution of DRC congeners in RDs showed that livers contained significantly higher TEQs than adipose tissues, indicating that liver is a depository organ and critical for determining the toxicokinetics of DRCs. As for most T4, P5, H6CDD/DFs and for P5CB126, H6CB169 and mono-ortho PCB congeners, their liver/adipose concentration ratios in RDs revealed a tendency to increase with hepatic TEQ levels, suggesting TEQ-dependent hepatic sequestration.     

应用IVE模型计算上海市机动车污染物排放

为了解上海市机动车污染现状,建立上海市机动车源排放清单,分别选择上海市中心城区、商业区和收入相对较低区域中的主干道、快速道和次干道3种共9条典型道路,开展机动车技术水平参数、比功率(VSP)分布状况、启动状况等测试,并在此基础上将International Vehicle E-mission(IVE)模型本地化.调查结果表明,上海市区实际道路上轻型客车、出租车、公交巴士、卡车和摩托车(包含助动车)分别占道路总车流量的41.0%、30.8%、15.6%、6.9%和5.7%;从技术组成看,约85%的轻型客车和97%的出租车均安装有三元催化装置,约30%的公交巴士和90%的卡车没有达到欧Ⅰ标准;机动车的VSP分布主要集中在-2.9～1.2 kw·t-1.模式计算结果表明,2004年上海市机动车CO、VOC、NOx和PM排放量分别为57.06×104t、7.75×104t、9.20×104t和0.26×104t;20%的高排放车对总排放量的贡献占到25%～45%;启动过程中排放的CO、VOC和PM占总排放量的15%～25%,NOx仅占总排放量的4.5%.     

气温和湿度在泸州市城区对臭氧浓度预测的运用研究

气温和湿度均为影响臭氧生成的要素,通过分析泸州市国控点数据,找出气温和湿度与臭氧浓度的关系,从而建立气温和湿度为变量的臭氧浓度预测模型.选取2019年泸州市主城区的气温和湿度数据,将气温按日最高温(Tmax)、日最低温(Tmin)和日平均气温(Tmean)划分,将湿度按四季划分,分别统计其与臭氧浓度的相关性.发现臭氧浓...     

高强与高性能混凝土温湿度场应力分析

针对高强与高性能混凝土易于开裂的特点,对高强高性能混凝土早期温湿度场随龄期发展的分布情况以及混凝土的收缩变形进行理论分析,建立相应的计算模型,编制三维有限元程序,分析在外界温湿度变化以及不同养护条件下由混凝土内部温差和湿度变化产生的温度应力和干燥收缩应力,从施工养护方法上探讨了高强与高性能混凝土抗裂性能的改善措施.     

Factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol

Objective: This study examined the risk factors of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) among drivers of specific vehicle categories (DSC). On the basis of this research, the variables related to DUI and involvement in traffic crashes were defined. The analysis was conducted for car drivers, bicyclists, motorcyclists, bus drivers, and truck drivers.

Method: The research sample included drivers involved in traffic crashes on the territory of Serbia in 2016 (60,666). Two types of analyses were conducted in this study. Logistic regression established the correlation between DUI and DSC and the The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Multi-criteria decision making) method was applied to consider the scoring and explore the potential for the prevalence of DUI on the basis of 2 data sets (DUI and non DUI).

Results: The study results showed that driver error and male drivers were the 2 most significant risk factors for DUI, with the highest scores and potential for prevalence. The nonuse of restraint systems, driver experience, and driver age are the factors with a significant prediction of involvement in an accident and an insignificant prediction of DUI.

Conclusions: Following the development of the logistic prediction models for DUI drivers, testing of the model was conducted for 3 control driver groups: Car, motorcycle, and bicycle. The prediction model with a probability greater than 50% showed that 77% of car drivers were under the influence of alcohol. Similarly, the prediction percentage for motorcyclists and bicyclists amounted to 71 and 67%, respectively. The recommendation of the study is that drivers whose DUI probability is above 50% should be potentially suspected of DUI. The results of this study can help to understand the problem of DUI among specific driver categories and detect DUI drivers, with the aim of creating successful traffic safety policy.     

顶板含水层防水试验的钻孔单位涌水量计算方法

为了实现利用井下放水试验获取顶板含水层的钻孔单位涌水量,采用抽水试验中的地下水动力学计算公式,结合观测孔的水位降深,给出了放水孔水位降深的计算方法;利用观测孔水位降深和观测孔与放水孔之间距离的对数曲线图,提出了放水孔水位降深的图解法;对于承压含水层,基于钻孔单位涌水量与含水层渗透系数之间的线性相关关系,可以通过含水层的渗透系数获取钻孔单位涌水量;通过实例分析,解析法和图解法计算得到的放水孔单位涌水量相近,结合现场放水试验情况,分析了放水孔单位涌水量的可靠性,并对3种方法的适用条件进行了讨论。研究结果表明:利用放水试验获取的放水孔单位涌水量符合实际情况,可以作为含水层富水性评价和矿井水文地质条件分析的依据。     

稳定气象条件对天津市环境空气质量的影响

环境空气中污染物浓度不仅与污染源的排放有关,更与气象条件的变化密不可分。在不利气象条件下,空气中污染物浓度可能在极短时间内就出现峰值,造成城市空气质量迅速恶化。通过对天津市2005年11月上旬连续出现的空气污染实证,分析了主要气象因子(温度、相对湿度、能见度)与空气污染物(PM10、SO2、NO2)之间的关系,探讨了稳定天气条件对空气环境质量的影响。     

家猪基因指纹图的初步研究

寡核苷酸探针（CAC）5／（GTG）5检测了五指山猪、枫泾猪、枫泾猪与长白山猪杂交子一代的基因指纹图．各个体的可分辨谱带，分布于0．7～21．2kb之间．在约1．3kb处的一条共有谱带，可能是家猪的特征带．     

美军标MIL-STD-810与国军标150

分析了湿热环境对装备的影响及机理,介绍了美国军标810C/D/E/F各版本中湿热试验程序的特点,分析了这些程序的变化过程及其对GJB 150/150A湿热试验程序的影响,指出了810F/和GJB150A的湿热试验的目的仅是用以加速发现装备湿热问题,不再模拟寿命期遇到的复杂的温、湿度环境,实际上是一种加速试验。     

不同环境下包装容器内温湿度变化试验研究

目的 探究不同环境下密闭容器内微环境的变化规律.方法 通过连续采集室内存放、户外遮盖、户外暴露3个包装容器内外11个监测点的温湿度数据,对比分析不同容器内温度、湿度的分布与变化规律.结果 户外容器日间温度梯度大,昼夜温差高达30℃,温度波动远大于室内容器的1.1℃,篷布遮盖能降低20％的温度波动.容器内相对湿度不受环境湿度影响,但与温度强烈负相关.结论 太阳辐射的热效应对包装容器内温湿度的变化与分布有决定性影响,应加强防护措施.