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41.
改良剂调控下水稻镉累积和土壤溶解性有机质光谱特征的响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)的化学组成和特征差异对理解改良剂对Cd的稳定机制具有重要意义.土壤改良剂被广泛应用于受污染农田以缓解重金属在农作物中的累积,但改良剂调控下土壤DOM的光谱特征却鲜见报道.采集南方典型Cd污染水稻土为研究对象,通过投加三大类改良剂(有机类、无机类和石灰类,共11种)进行水稻种植盆栽试验,研究了不同改良剂对土壤DOM的影响.利用紫外-可见光谱、三维荧光光谱和平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)对比分析了不同改良剂调控下根际土壤DOM的光谱特征.结果表明,石灰类改良剂提高土壤pH,促进土壤固相中有机质的溶解,从而显著提高了土壤DOM的质量分数.与对照相比,有机类改良剂提高了土壤DOM的相对分子量和新生自生源贡献率,无机类改良剂提高了土壤DOM的芳香性和疏水性组分,石灰类改良剂提高了土壤DOM的显色组分和腐殖化程度.通过PARAFAC分析和OpenFluor数据库验证,解析出了4个荧光组分C1(255/465)、 C2(325/400)、 C3(275/390)和C4(240/460),均为类腐殖质.两种光谱相互印证,表明土壤DOM来源以陆源输入的类腐殖质为主.相关... 相似文献
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南水北调大型渡槽结构抗震安全性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
阐述了南水北调中大型渡槽的抗震问题,分别介绍了基于常微分方程求解器(ODE)和有限元方法的大型渡槽动力计算模型、动力特性分析和设置铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)的隔震分析。研究表明,基于ODE求解器的解析和半解析方法有很好的精度和可靠性,可用于大型渡槽的初步设计。结合所得的研究成果,对南水北调的渡槽抗震提出了合理化建议。 相似文献
44.
David Ching‐Fang Shih Chin‐Dee Lee Kin‐Forie Chiou Shi‐Ming Tsai 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(5):1087-1099
ABSTRACT: Water level data at 16 ground water wells and two sea water gauging stations, coupled with barometric measurements in an alluvial plain in the central‐west region of Taiwan, are analyzed using spectral analysis in the time and frequency domains. The semi‐diurnal component from water level station is observed to be the most noticeable signal while the diurnal component is the less distinct signal recorded at the water level stations. Both semidiurnal and diurnal components are coupled with atmospheric pressure measurements. From the atmospheric pressure data, spectral analysis indicates that both the raw and the pressure adjusted water levels are almost in phase and retain the same amplitude in this area. It implies that the effect of pressure variations is not significant for the sea water and ground water level nearby; the astronomical tidal components, as expected, are the main factor causing fluctuation of ocean water and ground water levels in the Choshuihsi alluvial plain. 相似文献
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A hierarchical Bayesian non-linear spatio-temporal model for the spread of invasive species with application to the Eurasian Collared-Dove 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The spread of invasive species is a long studied subject that garners much interest in the ecological research community.
Historically the phenomenon has been approached using a purely deterministic mathematical framework (usually involving differential
equations of some form). These methods, while scientifically meaningful, are generally highly simplified and fail to account
for uncertainty in the data and process, of which our knowledge could not possibly exist without error. We propose a hierarchical
Bayesian model for population spread that accommodates data sources with errors, dependence structures between population
dynamics parameters, and takes into account prior scientific understanding via non-linear relationships between model parameters
and space-time response variables. We model the process (i.e., the bird population in this case) as a Poisson response with
spatially varying diffusion coefficients as well as a logistic population growth term using a common reaction-diffusion equation
that realistically mimics the ecological process. We focus the application on the ongoing invasion of the Eurasian Collared-Dove. 相似文献
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Hyperspectral Characteristics of Canopy Components and Structure for Phenological Assessment of an Invasive Weed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ge S Everitt J Carruthers R Gong P Anderson G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,120(1-3):109-126
Spectral reflectance values of four canopy components (stems, buds, opening flowers, and postflowers of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)) were measured to describe their spectral characteristics. We then physically combined these canopy components to simulate the flowering stage indicated by accumulated flower ratios (AFR) 10%, 40%, 70%, and 90%, respectively. Spectral dissimilarity and spectral angles were calculated to quantitatively identify spectral differences among canopy components and characteristic patterns of these flowering stages. This study demonstrated the ability of hyperspectral data to characterize canopy components, and identify different flowering stages. Stems had a typical spectral profile of green vegetation, which produced a spectral dissimilarity with three reproduction organs (buds, opening flowers, and postflowers). Quantitative differences between simulated flower stages depended on spectral regions and phenological stages examined. Using full-range canopy spectra, the initial flowering stage could be separated from the early peak, peak, and late flowering stages by three spectral regions, i.e. the blue absorption (around 480 nm) and red absorption (around 650 nm) regions and NIR plateau from 730 nm to 950 nm. For airborne CASI data, only the red absorption region and NIR plateau could be used to identify the flowering stages in the field. This study also revealed that the peak flowering stage was more easily recognized than any of the other three stages. 相似文献
48.
为探讨京津冀地区温室气体排放强度变化的影响因素,采用对数平均迪式分解模型及归因分析(LMDI-Attribution)方法,基于1996—2014年数据从细分行业角度进行研究。针对温室气体排放强度作产业结构、能源强度和排放因子三因素LMDI乘法分解,对温室气体排放强度变化的影响效应作归因分析,量化4个行业对分解因素影响效应的贡献,得到以下主要结论:1996—2014年京津冀地区温室气体排放强度主要呈现下降趋势,累计下降23.05%。其中,能源强度是温室气体排放强度下降的主导因素,其影响效应为-61.18%,对这一影响效应贡献最大的是工业,并且四大经济部门均通过能源强度在不同程度上使得温室气体排放强度有所减小,可见"阶梯电价"、"千家企业节能项目"、"十大重点节能项目"等相关政策在工业发展中对提高能源效率的作用明显。产业结构使得温室气体排放强度增加23.53%,其主要贡献者是工业,说明"工业产品出口退税率调整"等一系列政策的效果不明显;然而农业则使得温室气体排放强度降低,贡献值为3.09%。碳排放因子在1996—2014年间对温室气体排放强度的影响为60.47%,是京津冀地区温室气体排放强度增加的主要因素,说明京津冀地区的能源结构不合理。工业对这一效应的贡献最大为55.97%。可见,工业在京津冀地区的温室气体减排工作中起到最为关键的作用。 相似文献
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根据声凝并理论和雾化湿式除尘理论,建立了燃煤飞灰在声场联合雾化加湿作为预处理的过滤式除尘实验装置。分别在声场、雾化加湿、声场与雾化加湿相结合3种预处理条件下进行实验,确定合适的加湿量范围,得出不同条件下燃煤飞灰的去除效果。在声场联合雾化加湿条件下,分别研究了声压级和雾化加湿量对飞灰的去除率的影响。结果表明,声场和雾化加湿联合作用能有效提高燃煤PM2.5去除率。以声场联合雾化加湿作为预处理进行过滤除尘实验,结果表明,虽然对高效滤料的除尘效率提高作用有限,但是该预处理可减轻滤袋负荷,有效延缓压差增长,降低清灰频率。由于采用表面覆膜滤材,加湿量控制得当可避免产生"糊袋"现象。 相似文献
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