碱性蚀刻废液处理方式的比较研究

碱性蚀刻废液是一种铜含量高、废液浓度较高的工业废水,对其回收利用具有较高的经济价值和环境效益。简要介绍、比较分析了碱性蚀刻废液实用的两种处理方式。在线方式可实现碱性蚀刻液再生和金属铜的回收,而线外方式可回收多种铜盐。从资源循环、环境效益角度分析,在线方式将具有广阔的应用前景。     

胞外多聚物在废旧锌锰电池生物浸提中的作用机制

以A.thiooxidans和L.ferrooxidans为浸提菌株,研究其胞外多聚物(EPS)在废旧锌锰电池生物浸提中的作用.通过三维荧光获取了生物浸提中EPS的组成及特征变化,并利用半透膜包覆生物淋滤实验和扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段探讨了菌株及其EPS与电极材料的界面行为.结果表明:EPS促进了菌株与材料的接触,强化了Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)的生物循环;EPS总荧光区域积分标准体积(ΦT,n)与锌、锰的溶出效率之间拟合的决定系数分别为0.942和0.981,EPS保有量显著提升了锌、锰浸提效率;废旧锌锰电池溶释是菌株EPS参与下的直接接触浸提及其代谢产物间接浸提的共同结果.     

蚀刻废液及其回收后生产的铜盐产品中PCDD/Fs含量水平及分布特征

通过高分辨气相色谱-高分辨磁质谱联用仪(HRGC-HRMS)测定了蚀刻废液及其回收利用后生产的铜盐产品中17种2,3,7,8取代PCDD/Fs的浓度.结果表明,蚀刻废液中PCDD/Fs浓度范围为0～3 460 pg·L-1,平均值为616 pg·L-1,毒性当量浓度WHO-TEQ范围为0～246 pg·L-1,平均值为42.9 pg·L-1;铜盐产品中PCDD/Fs浓度范围为1.08～24.6 ng·kg-1,平均值为8.83 ng·kg-1,毒性当量浓度WHO-TEQ范围为0.112～0.715 ng·kg-1,平均值为0.338 ng·kg-1.通过净化处理工艺可以除去蚀刻废液中大部分PCDD/Fs.在蚀刻废液生产的各级产品中,工业级产品中PCDD/Fs浓度高于饲料级与电镀级产品.各铜盐产品中PCDD/Fs具有相似的单体分布特征:①PCDFs的百分含量明显高于PCDDs;②除硫酸铜类产品中的2,3,7,8-TCDF外,单体的氯取代数越大,百分比含量越高.     

整车强化腐蚀试验转场判定的方法

目的为了保证在不同试验场转场试验结果的一致性,整理出一套合理的转场验证流程。方法对整车强化腐蚀试验需要用到的特殊道路、设备进行考察,再通过对比不同试验场试验车辆的结果,通过层层验证并对最终结果进行加权计算,得出最终的结果一致性。结果首先验证道路及设备的基本参数,然后对整车腐蚀试验结果的腐蚀深度(D)及划线扩蚀量(L)一致性进行验证,所有基本参数都通过后,最终对整车所有零部件主观评价得分(G)进行对比。得分对比的结果结合市场反馈的质量问题配比进行加权计算,最终得出两试验场试验一致性的数值86.2%(R)。结论利用该方法可以全方位地将试验场之间进行对比,科学地判定试验场是否满足整车强化腐蚀试验的转场要求。     

Sorption of carbendazim and linuron from aqueous solutions with activated carbon produced from spent coffee grounds: Equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic approach

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) have been used for the production of activated carbon (AC) by impregnation with different ratios of phosphoric acid at 600?°C, Xp (H₃PO₄/coffee): 3:1^30%, 4:1^30%, 3:1^50% and 4:1^50%. The obtained AC was characterized by BET, FTIR and SEM. BET surface area corresponds to 803.422 m² g^?1. The influences of the main parameters such as contact time, the pesticides initial concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature on the efficiency of separation process were investigated during the batch operational mode. Results were modeled by adsorption isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, which gave satisfactory correlation coefficients. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir isotherms were 11.918?mg g^?1 for carbendazim and 5.834?mg g^?1 for linuron at room temperature. Adsorption kinetics of carbendazim and linuron have been studied by the pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order and the intraparticle diffusion model. The results of adsorption kinetics have been fitted the best by pseudo-second-order model. The resulted data from FTIR characterization pointed to the presence of many functional groups on the AC surface. SCG adsorbent, as an eco-friendly and low-cost material, showed high potential for the removal of carbendazim and linuron from aqueous solutions.     

Assessment of a process to degrade metal working fluids using Pseudomonas stutzeri CECT 930 and indigenous microbial consortia

The development of a novel biological process to treat metal working fluids (MWFs)-containing effluents at bioreactor scale was pursued in this work. The bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri CECT 930 was investigated for the first time as an alternative agent for MWF degradation. An adequate medium design and mixing and aeration system, as well as an appropriate microorganism proved to be crucial for reaching high levels of degradation by P. stutzeri and by an indigenous consortium (about 70% and 50% of reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon content in less than 2 wk, respectively). Additionally, as there is no information in literature trying to kinetically characterize an MWF-polluted effluent degradation process, all the experimental data were fitted to logistic and Luedeking and Piret models, that allowed to elucidate the growth-associated character of the biodegradation process.     

基于真空技术的废旧锌锰干电池干湿法综合处理技术

在机械分离废旧干电池外层金属分离技术基础上,提出了一种基于真空技术的干湿法废旧锌锰干电池综合处理工艺技术方法,它具有回收利用率高、能耗小、二次污染小、设备投资少的优点,利于中小城市乃至城镇对废旧干电池的处理与回收利用,具有较大的经济效益和社会效益。可供从事相关领域研究的技术人员参考。     

湿式氧化法处理汽油碱渣和液态烃碱渣

介绍了湿式氧化法处理汽油碱渣和液态烃碱渣的工艺原理和运行状况,削减了恶臭源,取得了较好的环境效益和社会效益.     

硫酸法生产钛白的三废治理

介绍了硫酸法生产Ｂ－１０涂料钛白粉生产过程中产生的三废的回收利用和处理措施。     

废旧车用载钯催化剂中钯的浸出研究

针对汽车尾气的污染,汽车排气系统都安装有含铂族金属的汽车催化剂.废旧汽车催化剂已成为铂族金属重要的二次资源.本文采用湿法浸出整体式蜂窝陶瓷汽车催化剂中的铂族金属钯.氧化焙烧废汽车催化剂除去积炭和其他有机物,再磨细过筛100目后烘干.预处理过的废催化剂用还原剂HCOOH溶液将催化剂中氧化态钯转化为单质钯,在70℃恒温下,用盐酸和氧化剂NaClO3选择性浸出钯.本文比较了几种浸出方法的结果,考察了HCl-NaClO3浸出体系的几个因素对钯浸出的影响,确定了最佳浸出条件.实验结果表明,HCl-NaClO3浸出体系在优化条件下能完全浸出催化剂中的钯,该方法可以用于钯的回收和对催化剂中的钯进行定量分析.