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261.
The physiological effects of 4 herbicides (butachlor, quinclorac, bensulfuron-methyl and atrazine) on 3 submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii) were tested in laboratory conditions. The variables of the relative growth rate and the photosynthetic pigments content showed that all of the tested herbicides affected the growth of the plants obviously. The abnormal growth of the plants was observed in most treatment groups, even at the lowest concentration (0.0001 mg/L). Except for the C. demersum treated with quinclorac at 0.005 and 0.01 mg/L, the relative growth rates of the plants were inhibited significantly (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis of Chl-a content was carried out with both the t-test and one-way ANOVA to determine the difference between the treatment groups and control. The results showed that Chl-a contents of the plants in all treatment groups were affected by herbicides significantly, except for the C. demersum treated with bensulfuron-methyl at 0.0005 mg/L. The decrease content in Chl-a was positively correlated to the dosage of the herbicides in most treatment groups. It was suggested that herbicides in water body might potentially affect the growth of aquatic macrophytes. Since the Chl-a content of submerged macrophytes responded to the stress of herbicides sensitively and directly, it could be used as biomaker in environmental monitoring or in the ecological risk assessment of herbicide contamination. 相似文献
262.
水利水电工程建设与移民安置会占用淹没区与安置区土地,根据补偿原理,淹没区与安置区理应获得补偿,从公平角度研究其土地补偿,对于增进移民与安置区居民福祉、实现社会公平正义具有积极意义。本文在界定和讨论淹没区与安置区土地公平补偿内涵与范围的基础上,分析了研究区域现行补偿标准的公平性,采用收益还原法和条件价值法分别测算了淹没区与安置区土地的市场价值与非市场价值,并由此测算土地公平补偿。结果表明:1淹没区与安置区土地公平补偿内涵是"损失什么,补偿什么",采取完全补偿原则,能体现"两区"之间的公平,公平补偿范围包括农地市场价值和非市场价值;2研究区域淹没区和安置区水田的市场价值分别是698 558.18元/hm2和573 272.73元/hm2,旱地为457 090.91元/hm2和465 818.18元/hm2;淹没区和安置区水田的非市场价值为50 006.40元/hm2和52 008.36元/hm2,旱地为47 045.65元/hm2和48 278.08元/hm2。3淹没区水田公平补偿测算结果为748 564.58元/hm2,旱地为504 136.56元/hm2;安置区水田公平补偿为625 281.09元/hm2,旱地为514 096.26元/hm2;4现行淹没区水田和旱地补偿标准仅为测算结果的53.77%和53.80%,安置区的补偿标准更是远低于该测算结果。研究结论:研究区域现行土地补偿标准仅能反映部分农地价值,是不完全补偿,同时,有关补偿制度未将淹没区与安置区土地补偿置于平等地位,现行土地补偿标准有失公平;本文基于农户的福利损失测算土地补偿,体现了公平补偿内涵;在土地补偿政策改进方面,应提高淹没区与安置区土地补偿标准,建立完善的社会保障制度,实施更加积极的就业政策等。 相似文献
263.
生物滞留系统是一种能有效控制雨水径流污染的低影响开发技术。在基质中添加铝污泥能保证系统对磷的高效稳定去除,设置内部淹没区可以提高除氮能力,但有研究表明设置淹没区却降低了对磷的滞留效果。为了明确设置淹没区对铝污泥改良基质生物滞留系统去除污染物的影响,采用按一定质量比例配制的砂土铝污泥(15%铝污泥+85%砂土)作为滞留系统填料,并设置不同淹没高度和滞留时间的淹没区,对比污染物在无淹没区及不同淹没高度和滞留时间下的去除率。结果显示,在铝污泥改良基质生物滞留系统中,淹没区的设置对NH+4-N、TP、重金属的去除影响甚微,但能提高对COD和NO-3-N的去除。600 mm淹没高度下NO-3-N的去除效果较200 mm淹没高度下去除效果更加稳定且高效,滞留时间对COD、NO-3-N的去除影响较小。 相似文献
264.
底泥对沉水植物生长和群落结构的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
太湖流域中的5种土著沉水植物〔马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus Miq.)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)、苦草(Vallisneria spiralis L.)、黑藻(Hydrillaverticillata Royle)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)〕经人工配置成3种群落,分别栽植在3种不同类型的底泥上,经过53 d的试验,对人工配置的沉水植物的成活、生长和群落结构演变进行了研究.结果表明:有机质和营养盐含量较高、流动性大、稳定性差的淤泥底质不利于沉水植物的定植,植物成活率较低;氮、磷含量较高的淤泥底质比生泥底质更有利于沉水植物的生长,沉水植物具有较高的相对生长速率,但过于肥沃的底泥会对水生植物的生长产生抑制作用.试验条件下,营养盐含量低的底泥有利于提高生物多样性.3种人工配置的群落中,无论黑藻是否为主栽种,其优势度均明显增加,成为群落优势种.因此,人为配置的沉水植物群落是不稳定的,群落优势种和稳定的群落结构主要由环境条件决定. 相似文献
265.
MBR工艺尽管可以获得较低悬浮物浓度的出水,但对氮、磷的去除却很难达到要求,因此MBR强化脱氮除磷组合工艺成为研究热点并得到应用。从现有的强化脱氮除磷组合工艺着手,并在此提出了研究方向,认为强化内源反硝化及膜污染控制是今后研究的重点。选用两种经过改进的中空纤维膜组件与典型的中空纤维膜组件一起进行对比实验研究,在相同的试验条件和试验用水下,改进后的膜组件,不但可以缓解膜通量的衰减,还可以使COD、总氮、总磷等达到很好的去除率,保证出水的良好状态。 相似文献
266.
John T. Delaney;Danelle M. Larson; 《Conservation biology》2024,38(3):e14203
Ecosystem state transitions can be ecologically devastating or be a restoration success. State transitions are common within aquatic systems worldwide, especially considering human-mediated changes to land use and water use. We created a transferable conceptual framework to enable multiscale assessments of state resilience and early warnings of state transitions that can inform strategic restorations and avoid ecosystem collapse. The conceptual framework integrated machine learning predictions with ecosystem state concepts (e.g., state classification, gradients of vulnerability, and recovery potential leading to state transitions) and was devised to investigate possible environmental drivers. As an application of the framework, we generated prediction probabilities of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) presence at nearly 10,000 sites in the Upper Mississippi River (United States). Then, we used an interpretability method to explain model predictions to gain insights into possible environmental drivers and thresholds or linear responses of SAV presence and absence. Model accuracy was 89% without spatial bias. Average water depth, suspended solids, substrate, and distance to nearest SAV were the best predictors and likely environmental drivers of SAV habitat suitability. These environmental drivers exhibited nonlinear, threshold-type responses for SAV. All the results are also presented in an online dashboard to explore results at many spatial scales. The habitat suitability model outputs and prediction explanations from many spatial scales (4 m to 400 km of river reach) can inform research and restoration planning. 相似文献
267.
沉水植物附生细菌可能具有降解转化水体中双酚A(BPA)能力从而影响该污染物在环境中的归趋.以轮叶黑藻为代表,分离筛选其BPA降解附生菌,结果共获得22株,在接种量为1×108个/mL,37℃下72h对BPA的去除率为11.46%~25.06%.选择降解率最高的3株细菌B12、B14和B23,采用16S rDNA鉴定,结合生理生化反应和形态观察,3株细菌分别为属于Lysinibacillus sp.(杆菌属),Brevibacterium sp.(短杆菌属)和Ochrobactrum sp.(苍白杆菌属).将3株菌株添加至轮叶黑藻无菌苗体系中,发现BPA去除率显著下降(P<0.05).物理去除部分野生轮叶黑藻表面部分附生细菌后,BPA去除率反而上升(约5%).综合本研究结果,沉水植物附生细菌具有降解BPA的能力,但在沉水植物-附生生物体系去除BPA过程中贡献较小(约为23%,2d),植物本身起关键作用. 相似文献
268.
269.
徒骇河沉水植物腐烂对上覆水体中营养盐形态变化影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将杀青后的菹草(Potamogetoncrispus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllumdemersum)剪成1 cm左右分别浸泡于装有原上覆水样的烧杯中,并置于27℃和10℃的恒温培养箱中,在不同时刻测定上覆水体的pH、溶解氧(DO)和不同形态氮磷营养盐的浓度。结果表明:由于菹草和金鱼藻的腐烂分解,上覆水体pH呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,溶解氧急剧降低,氮磷浓度增加。氮浓度的增加以有机氮为主,平均约占63%,氨氮次之,约占25%;磷浓度的增加在实验前期以颗粒态磷为主,平均约占60%,而在实验后期以可溶性总磷为主,约占65%。在27℃下,氮磷形态浓度主要呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在10℃下,氮磷形态浓度主要表现为持续上升。硝氮和亚硝氮浓度的变化与溶解氧浓度变化具有较好的一致性。 相似文献
270.
In this study, the effect of zeolite powder addition on submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) on membrane permeability, and the removals for COD, NH3-N, TN were investigated. Through the parallel operation of control and test systems, it was found that the zeolite powder addition could alleviate the ultra-filtration membrane fouling and enhance the membrane permeability. On the basis of experimental investigations, a concept of "protection coating layer" was proposed to illustrate the phenomenon of UF membrane fouling. In addition, the removal for COD in test system was more stable, a little higher compared to the control system. Due to the combination of nitrification and ion exchange, a more excellent removal for NH3-N in test system was obtained regardless of influent NH3-N loading rate. It was also found that a mean 25% higher TN removal took place in the test system, and ion exchange and simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification were analyzed to be main factors. During the stable operation period, the SOURs of test zeolite powder added sludge and control activated sludge were measured to be 75 mgO2/(gMLVSS, h) and 24 mgO2/(gMLVSS, h) respectively, it meant that the zeolite powder addition could enhance the microorganism activity significantly. 相似文献