青岛近海沉积物中多环芳烃、多氯联苯和有机氯农药的含量和分布特征

利用气相色谱/质谱方法对青岛近海表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行了测定,并分析了PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的分布特征.结果表明,PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的均值分别为684.80、6.87和13.52ng·g-1,含量变化均呈近岸高、远岸低的分布规律.燃料的高温燃烧排放对本研究海域沉积物中PAHs有较大贡献;PCBs主要来源于工业及生活排放,但已受到控制;沉积物中HCHs存在工业和农业双重污染源输入,DDT主要是由于历史上使用农药造成,且在表层沉积物中受到好氧微生物降解.与国内外同类研究结果相比,调查海域沉积物中PAHs、PCBs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于较低水平.     

TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples

An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water (tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.     

Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in eight mollusc species along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India

Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the aquatic region.     

Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Erhai, Southwest China

The temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in a sediment core from Lake Erhal in Southwest China using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method.The total organic carbon (TOC) normalized total PAHs concentrations (sum of US Environmental Protection Agency proposed 16 priority PAHs) ranged from 31.9 to 269 μg/g dry weight (dw),and were characterized by a slowly increasing stage in the deeper sediments and a sharp increasing stage in the upper sediments.The PAHs in the sediments were dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs,suggesting that the primary source of PAHs was low- and moderate temperature combustion processes.However,both the significant increase in high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in the upper sediments and the vertical profile of diagnostic ratios pointed out a change in the sources of PAHs from low-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion.The ecotoxicological assessment based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines implied that potential adverse biological impacts were possible for benzo(ghi)perylenelene and most LMW PAHs.In addition,the total BaP equivalent quotient of seven carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BaA,CHr,BbF,BkF,BaP,DBA and INP) was 106.1 ng/g,according to the toxic equivalency factors.Although there was no great biological impact associated with the HMW PAlls,great attention should be paid to these PAH components based on their rapid increase in the upper sediments.     

武汉市长江北岸耕地中多环芳烃垂向与纵向分布特征

文章对武汉市长江北岸农用耕地中多环芳烃的含量进行了调查。结果表明除紧靠马路边一个点位的荧蒽浓度高于荷兰制定的土壤修复标准之外,其余各点各类多环芳烃均在此标准值之内;随着点位距污染源越远多环芳烃的含量越来越低;并且多环芳烃在垂直方向上的迁移存在色谱效应。通过分析不同采样点土壤中的多环芳烃含量,分析得出结论汽车尾气所排放的...     

大气痕量挥发性有机物碳同位素分析研究进展

对于大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究,浓度测量方法在满足科学研究的要求方面尚有欠缺,相比之下,同位素测量方法具有测量精度高、对源解析准确和测量误差小的特点且发展迅速,该方法在大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究中所起到的作用日益显著;但由于同位素测量技术对大气样品质量的要求很高,故目前该方法在大气环境科学的研究领域中还不能普及,今后随...     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residue materials as biosorbents

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, e.g., naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and pyrene, from aqueous solution by raw and modified plant residues was investigated to develop low cost biosorbents for organic pollutant abatement. Bamboo wood, pine wood, pine needles and pine bark were selected as plant residues, and acid hydrolysis was used as an easily modification method. The raw and modified biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The sorption isotherms of PAHs to raw biosorbents were apparently linear, and were dominated by a partitioning process. In comparison, the isotherms of the hydrolyzed biosorbents displayed nonlinearity, which was controlled by partitioning and the specific interaction mechanism. The sorpfion kinetic curves of PAHs to the raw and modified plant residues fit well with the pseudo second-order kinetics model. The sorption rates were faster for the raw biosorbents than the corresponding hydrolyzed biosorbents, which was attributed to the latter having more condensed domains （i.e., exposed aromatic core）. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose component under acid hydrolysis, the sorption capability of the hydrolyzed biosorbents was notably enhanced, i.e., 6-18 fold for phenanthrene, 6-8 fold for naphthalene and pyrene and 5-8 fold for acenaphthene. The sorpfion coefficients （Kd） were negatively correlated with the polarity index [（O＋N）/C], and positively correlated with the aromaticity of the biosorbents. For a given biosorbent, a positive linear correlation between logKoc and logKow for different PAHs was observed. Interestingly, the linear plots of logKoc-logKow were parallel for different biosorbents. These observations suggest that the raw and modified plant residues have great potential as biosorbents to remove PAHs from wastewater.     

滴水湖及其水体交换区沉积物和土壤中PAHs的分布及生态风险评价

采用GC-MS联用技术分析了滴水湖及其水体交换区23个表层沉积物和土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,探讨其分布特征及来源并对其生态风险进行评价.结果表明,滴水湖沉积物中16种PAHs含量范围是11.49~157.09 ng·g-1,平均含量为66.60 ng·g-1,湖区沉积物中PAHs含量比入湖区低,但比出湖区高.湖区外的沉积物和土壤中PAHs组成主要以中、高分子量PAHs(4环、5~6环)为主,而湖区内表层沉积物中PAHs组成则以低分子量PAHs(2~3环)和高分子量PAHs(5~6环)为主.通过特征化合物分子比值法、主成分分析及多元线性回归模型判源,表明湖区外沉积物和土壤中PAHs来源主要为燃烧源,而湖区内沉积物中PAHs来源为燃烧源和石油类产品泄漏的混合来源.生态风险评价显示,滴水湖及其水体交换区沉积物和土壤中PAHs生态风险较低.     

佛山高明河水环境多环芳烃的分布特征与通量研究

利用液液萃取法和气相色谱-质谱方法对佛山境内高明河水环境多环芳烃（PAHs）进行了测定,并对PAHs的分布特征与通量进行了初步研究.结果表明高明河水环境中16种优控PAHs的浓度范围在41.6～375.6 ng/l之间,从上游到下游总体呈递增的趋势,其下游浓度偏高可能与荷城街道较为密集的工业和人口分布有关.高明河水环境PAHs的总含量高于欧美一些低污染水域,但低于国内一些主要河流.高明河PAHs年通量约为333.8 kg.     

岩溶地下河水中多环芳烃、脂肪酸分布特征及来源分析

为探究重庆青木关岩溶地下河水中多环芳烃(PAHs)和脂肪酸的含量组成、分布特征、来源及污染水平,2013年雨季和旱季分别于地下河中进行水样采集,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对水样中PAHs和脂肪酸的组分进行定量分析.结果表明,青木关地下河水中PAHs和脂肪酸的含量范围分别为77.3~702 ng·L~(-1)和3 302~45 254 ng·L~(-1).组成上,PAHs以2~3环为主,其比例高于90%,脂肪酸碳数范围为C10~C28,以饱和直链脂肪酸为主,其次为单不饱和脂肪酸.分布特征上,雨季:地下河水中各采样点PAHs的含量差异较小,脂肪酸的含量在入口、出露处和出口呈现依次降低的趋势,其中出露处和出口脂肪酸的含量较为接近;旱季:地下河水中PAHs含量在入口、出露处和出口呈现先降后升的趋势,脂肪酸含量在各采样点较为接近.总体上,地下河水中PAHs和脂肪酸的含量都表现为雨季显著高于旱季.来源分析表明,青木关地下河水中PAHs主要来源于该河流域煤和木材、农作物秸秆等生物质的燃烧;脂肪酸主要来自该河流域内硅藻、绿藻等水生藻类和细菌,其中以水生藻类的贡献占主导.地下河水受到PAHs中轻度污染,相对于旱季,雨季污染更严重.