两种高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水的树脂吸附处理及其资源化研究

采用XDA-1树脂吸附和碱液解吸工艺对两种高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水进行处理和回收研究。结果显示,在室温、pH 4~6、流速1~2BV/h条件下,两种废水的酚浓度分别从9500mg/L和24500mg/L降低到1mg/L和5mg/L,CODC r分别从18800mg/L和212000mg/L降低到1450mg/L和97500mg/L。用浓度4%的NaOH溶液在60℃条件下进行解析,解吸效率达99%。从两种废水中分别回收了浓度8%~12%的羟甲基酚和甲基苯酚,既减少了对环境的污染,又回收了资源。     

单歧藻对烷基酚类化合物的生物降解性及QSBR研究

以单歧藻为主要微生物源,用二级反应动力学方程拟合8种烷基酚类化合物的生物降解动力学过程,得到它们在藻中的生物降解速率常数K.采用Mopac软件PM3法及文献资料计算了化合物的多种理化参数,应用SPSS统计软件做回归分析,对1gK进行了结构-生物降解性(QSBR)的研究.结果表明,疏水性参数lgK_ow,分子量M_w,一级价键连接指数1Xv,二级价键连接指数2Xv,生成热△H_f和分子偶极距μ能够较好地拟合烷基酚类化合物的生物降解速率,其中2Xv拟合效果最好.在此基础上,初步分析了烷基酚类化合物的生物降解机理,认为空间参数是决定其生物降解的主要因素,化合物的生成热和电性参数μ,E_homo的影响也不可忽视.      

不同pH值下对发光菌的毒性及QSAR研究

测定了11种苯酚类化合物在不同pH下对发光菌的急性毒性(15minEC50。)。应用两种理化参数logP和pKa对毒性数据进行了定量构效关系(QSARs)研究,并在此基础上初步探讨了苯酚类化合物的毒性机制。结果表明,苯酚类化合物对发光菌的毒性随pH的升高而减小,这与不同pH下苯酚类化合物的电离程度有关。相同pH下,苯酚类化合物的毒性随取代基团的种类、个数及取代位置而不同。苯酚类化合物属于极性麻醉(麻醉Ⅱ型)化合物,毒性可用logP和pKa来联合描述。     

Sources and distribution of sedimentary organic matter along the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas

In this study, lignin-derived phenols were used to determine the sources and distribution of sedimentary organic matter along the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean. The lignin parameter syringyl/vanillyl (S/V) and cinnamyl/vanillyl (C/V) ratios are used to indicate vegetation sources; and the ratios of vanillic acid/vanillin, (Ad/Al)v and syringic acid/syringaldehyde, (Ad/Al)s are used as indicators of lignin diagenesis. Results showed the predominance of woody gymnosperm signal at the easternmost location in the northern Bering Sea, a mixture of refractory non-woody angiosperm and fresher gymnosperm tissues in the Chukchi Sea, and signal of fresher woody gymnosperm tissues in the northernmost locations in the Chukchi Sea. The lignin materials showed gradual increase in decomposition stage during transport along the northern Bering Sea. Hydrodynamic sorting process, which is the retention of coarser materials nearshore and transportation of finer particles farther offshore, most probably occurred along the east coast of the northern Bering Sea. In Chukchi Sea, the non-woody angiosperm tissues could have originated from the Canadian Arctic and gymnosperm tissues could be from the Russian Arctic side. The fresher materials in the northernmost Chukchi Sea could have been transported here via the ice-rafting process. Detection of fresh lignin materials and the occurrence of lignin decomposition mean that this region could be sensitive to the impact of climate change.     

取代苯酚臭氧氧化表观速率常数的QSPR研究

在298 K,1.013×105 Pa条件下,对22种取代苯酚在水溶液中的臭氧降解过程的动力学进行了实验研究,采用紫外分光光度法测定了降解过程中取代苯酚的浓度,并求得反应级数和反应表观速率常数。使用Gaussian 98程序中B3LYP6-311G**方法,计算了取代苯酚的结构参数及热力学参数,并采用QSPR方法研究了表观速率常数与其结构及热力学参数之间的关系。研究结果表明:取代苯酚的臭氧氧化反应属0级反应,表观速率常数与其结构和热力学参数之间存在线性关系,相关方程的相关系数R2=0.978,标准误差SD=0.050,分子的极化率是影响表观速率常数的主要因素。     

氯酚类污染物在小麦幼苗中的竞争吸附研究

极性有机污染物植物吸收行为的研究目前已有较多报道。文章将以小麦幼苗干样为研究对象,以2种氯酚(2,4-二氯酚,DCP;2,4,6-三氯酚,TCP)为吸附质,以菲(PHE)为非极性参照化合物,探讨竞争吸附条件下,可解离有机污染物的植物吸收行为。采用序批平衡实验分别研究了小麦幼苗干样干样对DCP、TCP、PHE单独吸附,及DCP或PHE共存影响下TCP的竞争吸附行为。结果表明,小麦幼苗干样对TCP、DCP和PHE各单组分的吸附呈显著线性相关,分配系数与类脂含量有关;TCP的解离作用使得TCP的类脂标化后植物-水分配系数对数值(logKlip)要小于其辛醇-水分配系数对数值(logKow);DCP或PHE的共存提升了小麦幼苗干样对TCP的吸附能力。TCP的存在不影响小麦幼苗干样对菲的吸附,却能影响其对DCP的吸附。     

高效液相色谱法测定酚类化合物

根据《水和废水监测分析方法》第4版测定水中酚类化合物,通过不同淋洗梯度试验,对不同淋洗梯度对出峰时间的影响作了探讨。     

The polymorphism of the human serum paraoxonase †

The activity of paraoxonase, the enzyme which hydrolyses paraoxon, 0,0‐diethyl‐0–4‐nitrophenylphosphate, in human serum shows a genetically determined polymorphism with strong interethnic differences. The serum paraoxonase genotype has a significant influence on the paraoxon clearance. Individuals with high serum paraoxonase activity may be better protected against the toxic effects of parathion (0,0‐diethyl‐0–4‐nitrophenylthiophosphate).

In Caucasians the polymorphism is governed by two alleles. The first allele has a gene frequency p _low of 0.67 to 0.78, and is manifested in both the form of a first homozygotic group with low activities and a second heterozygotic group with medium activities. About 50% of all Europeans belong to the low activity group. The second allele with a gene frequency q _high of 0.22 to 0.33 is manifested in the second heterozygotic and a third homozygotic group with medium resp. high activities. The Hardy‐Weinberg rule for a two allele model is valid for the distribution.

The percentage of the low activity group decreases as one moves from Europe to Africa and Asia. In most of the Mongoloids and Negroids only 5 to 20% of the population can be included in the low activity group, which is not even demonstrable in Aborigines, Maoris, Tonga and some African and Indian (Central America) tribes. The validity of the Hardy‐Weinberg rule for a two‐ or three‐allele model must be rejected in non‐Caucasians.     

Carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin influence on the solubility and toxicity of substituted indole compounds

The solubilization of eight selected substituted indole compounds (SICs) by carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CMCD) in water is reported. The results show that their solubility was well improved in CMCD aqueous solution, and the stoichiometry of inclusion complex of the studied SICs with CMCD was 1: 1. The acute toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum of the investigated SICs in CMCD aqueous solutions was also investigated and was compared with that in water. The results show that the toxicity of five studied SICs decreased while the toxicity of the rest three SICs increased in CMCD aqueous solutions, but neither the increase nor the decrease was significant.     

含苯环有机污染物定量结构与活性相关性研究

定义表征成键原子生物活性的特征值Ei,由Ei建构新的连接性指数nK,并用0阶指数0K、1阶指数1K研究了氯代芳香族化合物的辛醇/水分配系数及取代苯胺、苯酚和硝基苯类化合物的生物毒性,给出了相关的方程.结果表明,该方法计算简单,使用方便,所有QSAR模型的估算结果均明显优于相应的文献方法,为定量评估和预测同类型其他化合物的生物毒性提供了参考依据.nK有望在QSAR/QSPR研究中作为一个新的参数而获得推广应用.