全文获取类型
收费全文 | 289篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
国内免费 | 177篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 17篇 |
废物处理 | 7篇 |
环保管理 | 35篇 |
综合类 | 254篇 |
基础理论 | 92篇 |
污染及防治 | 66篇 |
评价与监测 | 15篇 |
社会与环境 | 12篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 27篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 31篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有500条查询结果,搜索用时 328 毫秒
51.
52.
长三角和珠三角土壤中汞的化学形态、转化和吸附特性 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
为了解长江三角洲和珠江三角洲农业土壤中汞的积累可能产生的环境影响,选择10个代表性农业土壤样品,研究了土壤中汞的化学形态、积累过程中形态的转化及吸附-解吸行为.研究表明,当无外源汞加入时,长江三角洲和珠江三角洲农业土壤中,汞主要以稳定的残余态形式存在.但随着汞加入量的增加,土壤中可交换态汞显著增加,增加程度与土壤性质有关.土壤pH是影响土壤汞有效性最重要的因素,其对土壤汞的吸附、解吸、形态转化和存在形态均有很大影响.土壤酸化可促进土壤汞的释放,加剧对环境的危害,防治土壤酸化也可有效降低土壤中汞对环境的危害. 相似文献
53.
54.
Growth rate is a life-history trait often linked to various fitness components, including survival, age of first reproduction, and fecundity. Here we present an analysis of growth-rate variability in a wild population of savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus). We found that relative juvenile size was a stable individual trait during the juvenile period: individuals generally remained consistently large-for-age or small-for-age throughout development. Resource availability, which varied greatly in the study population (between completely wild-foraging and partially food-enhanced social groups), had major effects on growth. Sexual maturity was accelerated for animals in the food-enhanced foraging condition, and the extent and ontogeny of sexual dimorphism differed with resource availability. Maternal characteristics also had significant effects on growth. Under both foraging conditions, females of high dominance rank and multiparous females had relatively large-for-age juveniles. Large relative juvenile size predicted earlier age of sexual maturation for both males and females in the wild-feeding condition. This confirmed that maternal effects were pervasive and contributed to differences among individuals in fitness components.Communicated by J. Setchell 相似文献
55.
Influence of maternal food availability on offspring dispersal 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Prenatal effects caused by the maternal environment during gestation are known to contribute to the phenotype of the offspring. Whether they have some adaptive value is currently under debate. We experimentally tested the existence of such a maternal effect (food availability during gestation) on dispersal of offspring in the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara). Pregnant females were captured and kept in the laboratory until parturition. During this period, females were offered two rates of food delivery. After parturition, we released mothers and offspring at the mother's capture point. Dispersal of young was significantly affected by the mother's nutrition. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a prenatal effect on dispersal. Offspring of well fed mothers dispersed at a higher rate than those of less well fed mothers. As current hypotheses clearly predict the opposite result, our evidence calls for their reassessment. Dispersers are not always the least fit individuals or those coming from the poorest environments. 相似文献
56.
微生物易利用基质对PCP厌氧降解的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文主要研究了微生物易利用基质对厌氧反应器内PCP厌氧降解性及处理效率的影响,结果表明,PCP对厌氧污泥代谢葡萄糖有抑制作用,则适量的微重复铁利用基质有利于促进PCP的脱氯和降解代谢,且随着反应器进水中水中PCP的提高,达到相近降解效率所需的微生物易利用基质的需要量也相应增加;废水中PCP剩余量和废水中糖的初始浓度呈显著负相关。 相似文献
57.
Age at maturity is a particularly important life history trait, but maturational data are rare for males in natural populations of mammals. Here we provide information on three maturational milestones and their social and demographic correlates among 43 wild male baboons, Papio cynocephalus, in a natural population in Amboseli National Park, Kenya. We examined (1) age at testicular enlargement, which signals puberty and the onset of subadulthood, (2) age at attainment of adult dominance rank, which we consider to be the beginning of adulthood, and (3) age at first sexual consortship, which is the best measure available for age at first reproduction in male baboons. Testicular enlargement (median age = 5.69 years) occurred earlier among sons of high ranking mothers, and was not influenced by rainfall or seasonality. Attainment of adult dominance rank (median age = 7.41 years) was also accelerated among sons of high-ranking mothers, and among males whose mothers had died while the males were juveniles. First sexual consortship (median age = 7.92 years) was not influenced directly by maternal characteristics, but attainment of adult dominance rank always preceded first consortship. The lag time between attainment of adult rank and first consortship (median = 2.5 months; range = 5–526 days), was predicted by the number of sexually cycling females in the group when the male attained rank, and by how high ranking the male became in his first months as an adult. We suggest that the age at which a male baboon is ready to begin reproducing is influenced by a relatively stable maternal characteristic that exerts its influence early in development, but the timing with which this potential is realized depends on activation by more proximate, often stochastic triggers such as female availability. This two-level organization of influences is likely to contribute to the variance both in age at first reproduction and in lifetime fitness. Differences in the relative magnitude of the two levels will lead to both intra- and interspecific variability in the opportunity for maternal selection and sexual selection. 相似文献
58.
Gita R. Kolluru Gregory F. Grether Heidy Contreras 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(5):689-701
Food availability is expected to influence the relative cost of different mating tactics, but little attention has been paid
to this potential source of adaptive geographic variation in behavior. Associations between the frequency of different mating
tactics and resource availability could arise because tactic use responds directly to food intake (phenotypic plasticity),
because populations exposed to different average levels of food availability have diverged genetically in tactic use, or both.
Different populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in Trinidad experience different average levels of food availability. We combined field observations with laboratory “common
garden” and diet experiments to examine how this environmental gradient has influenced the evolution of male mating tactics.
Three independent components of variation in male behavior were found in the field: courtship versus foraging, dominance interactions,
and interference competition versus searching for mates. Compared with low-food-availability sites, males at high-food-availability
sites devoted more effort to interference competition. This difference disappeared in the common garden experiment, which
suggests that it was caused by phenotypic plasticity and not genetic divergence. In the diet experiment, interference competition
was more frequent and intense among males raised on the greater of two food levels, but this was only true for fish descended
from sites with low food availability. Thus, the association between interference competition and food availability in the
field can be attributed to a genetically variable norm of reaction. Genetically variable norms of reaction with respect to
food intake were found for the other two behavioral components as well and are discussed in relation to the patterns observed
in the field. Our results indicate that food availability gradients are an important, albeit complex, source of geographic
variation in male mating strategies. 相似文献
59.
60.
Tal Svoray Shiri Bar-Yamin Gancharski Zalmen Henkin Mario Gutman 《Ecological modelling》2004,180(4):537-556
Herbaceous plant production plays a key role in determining the function of rangeland ecosystems in the semi-arid and Mediterranean regions. Therefore, assessment of herbaceous plant habitats is important for understanding the ecosystem functioning in these regions and for applied purposes, such as range management and land evaluation. This paper presents a model to assess herbaceous plant habitats in a basaltic stony environment in a Mediterranean region. The model is based on geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing and fuzzy logic, while four indirect variables, which represent major characteristics of herbaceous habitats, are modeled: rock cover fraction; wetness index (WI); soil depth; and slope orientation (aspect). A linear unmixing model was used to measure rock cover on a per pixel basis using a Landsat TM summer image. The wetness index and local aspect were determined from digital elevation data with 25 m × 25 m pixel resolution, while soil data were gathered in a field survey. The modeling approach adopted here is process-based and assumes that water availability plays a crucial role in determining herbaceous plant production in Mediterranean and semi-arid environments. The model rules are based on fuzzy logic and are written based on the hypothesized water requirements of the herbaceous vegetation. The results show that on a polygon basis there is positive agreement between the model proposed here and previous mapping of the herbaceous habitats carried out in the field using traditional methods. Intrapolygon tests show that the use of a continuous raster data model and fuzzy logic principles provide an added value to traditional mapping. Moreover, herbaceous biomass measurements at two time intervals—mid- and peak winter season—corresponded with the habitat assessment predictions achieved using a new scenario that is proposed in this research. This scenario suggests that rockiness increases herbaceous production on south-facing slopes, while in other slope aspects the rock cover has lower impact on herbaceous growth. Due to its simplicity, the model suggested here can be used by planners and managers, to adjust range activities over large areas. The process-based approach should allow adaptation of the model to other regions more effectively than models that were formulated on a purely empirical basis. The model could also be used to study the relationship between water availability and ecosystem productivity on a regional scale. 相似文献