纳米铁强化的混凝-沉淀-过滤工艺对典型印染废水中有机物去除

以东江流域某典型印染企业尾水为研究对象,将混凝剂与少量的纳米铁进行复合投加,再结合多介质过滤器对印染尾水进行深度处理实验研究.结果表明,新型混凝剂HPAC-9对极性有机物具有较强的去除能力,但对非极性或弱极性有机物去除效果不很理想.通过将纳米铁与HPAC-9复合投加并结合多介质过滤工艺,对印染企业尾水中的有机污染物进行...     

三峡库区悬移质泥沙对磷污染物的吸附解吸特性

就三峡库区悬移质泥沙对磷污染物的吸附解吸特性从野外同步监测和室内试验研究两个方面展开研究。选取长江干流、嘉陵江和乌江共7个监测断面于2002年和2003进行野外同步监测,测试结果表明：水中的悬移质泥沙对水中各种覆存形态的磷污染物浓度具有显著影响,单位重量泥沙对磷的吸附量与水体总泥沙含量、泥沙粒径有密切关系。采集寸滩断面泥沙对磷酸盐吸附解吸特性进行室内试验研究,并根据Langmuir吸附动力学方程对吸附解吸过程进行了拟合,发现吸附速率常数k随着泥沙粒径的增加而呈递增变化,而磷酸盐初始浓度对k值的影响并不明显,同时,磷酸盐解吸量随着泥沙浓度的增加和粒径的增加呈递减变化,k值随着泥沙粒径的增加而呈递增变化,泥沙浓度对k值的影响不明显。     

水力负荷对辐流式初沉池污染物去除效果的影响

以沉砂池出水为原水,在沉淀试验研究颗粒截留速度u0基础上,通过动态试验考察水力负荷对辐流式初沉池污染物去除效果的影响。研究结果表明无机悬浮固体(FSS)分离和总悬浮固体(TSS)高效去除的颗粒截留速度u0分别为0.025 m/min和0.05 m/min。由于泥层截留作用,水力负荷qA在46.3 m3/(m2.d)时,辐流式初沉池污染去除最高效,TSS、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)去除率分别达到81%,23%,59%。     

巢湖水体组分垂向分布特征及其对水下光场的影响

富营养化湖泊不同组分垂向分布及其对水下光场的影响是湖泊水环境遥感领域亟待开展的内容.利用巢湖野外实测数据,分析水体不同组分垂向分布特征,结合Hydrolight辐射传输模型模拟研究水体不同组分垂向分布对漫衰减系数Kd的影响.结果表明,巢湖水体悬浮物以及有色可溶性有机物CDOM垂向分布较为均一,水面未发生藻华现象时叶绿素a垂向分布符合高斯正态分布,漫衰减系数Kd受叶绿素a以及无机悬浮物的显著影响,其垂向变化复杂多样,以往以水体光学性质均一为前提计算得到的Kd仅仅表示其衰减的平均情况,不能精确反映水下光场的垂向变化,因此研究水体组分垂向分布特征及其对漫衰减系数Kd的影响是开展藻类垂向分布异质性对水下光场影响机制研究的前提和基础.     

再悬浮过程中河流底泥PAHs的迁移与释放

利用再悬浮模拟(particle entrainment simulator,PES)装置模拟了河流底泥在受到上层扰动力后的再悬浮过程.结果表明,沉积物性质如粒径组成及PAHs含量对沉积物再悬浮过程中PAHs的释放影响显著.再悬浮过程中上覆水体总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended solids,TSS)含量与颗粒态PAHs之间存在极显著相关关系.切应力对再悬浮过程中PAHs释放的影响体现在两方面.一方面,单位体积的颗粒态PAHs随切应力增大而增大;另一方面,悬浮颗粒上PAHs的富集效应随切应力增大而减弱,是由于切应力强烈导致吸附作用弱的大颗粒进入水体.上覆水体中的PAHs总量在一段时间上升后于120 min或240min趋于稳定,而颗粒态与溶解态之间具有良好响应.高低环PAHs释放行为差异显著,由于中高环PAHs的疏水性,上覆水体中检测到的多为3~4环个体.     

三元复合驱采出水中悬浮固体的控制方法

采用向三元复合驱采出水中加入水质稳定剂的方法有效降低采出水中悬浮固体的质量浓度。实验结果表明,将100 g采出水依次经滤纸和孔径为0.45μm的醋酸纤维素膜过滤后,加入1.0 g WSBL-3型水质稳定剂,混合均匀后置于80℃的水浴中静置4 h,取出后再置于40℃的水浴中静置5 min,由此可将采出水中的悬浮固体质量浓度由107 mg/L降至2 mg/L。     

Estrogen receptor mediated activity in bankside groundwater, with flood suspended particulate matter and floodplain soil - an approach combining tracer substance, bioassay and target analysis

Bankside groundwater is widely used as drinking water resource and, therefore, contamination has to be avoided. In the European Union groundwater protection is explicit subject to Water Framework Directive. While groundwater pollution may originate from different sources, this study investigated on impacts via flood events.Groundwater was sampled with increasing distance to the river Rhine near Karlsruhe, Germany. Samples were HPLC-MS-MS analyzed for the river contaminant carbamazepine to indicate river water infiltration, giving permanent presence in 250 m distance to the river (14-47 μg L⁻¹). Following a flood event, concentrations of about 16-20 μg L⁻¹ could also be detected in a distance of 750 m to the river. Furthermore, estrogenic activity as determined with the Yeast Estrogen Screen assay was determined to increase up to a 17β-ethinylestradiol equivalent concentration (E-EQ) = 2.9 ng L⁻¹ near the river, while activity was initially measured following the flood with up to E-EQ = 2.6 ng L⁻¹ in 750 m distance. Detections were delayed with increasing distance to the river indicating river water expansion into the aquifer.Flood suspended matter and floodplain soil were fractionated and analyzed for estrogenic activity in parallel giving up to 1.4 ng g⁻¹ and up to 0.7 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Target analysis focusing on known estrogenic active substances only explained <1% of measured activities.Nevertheless, river water infiltration was shown deep into bankside groundwater, thus, impacting groundwater quality. Therefore, flood events have to be in the focus when aiming for groundwater and drinking water protection as well as for implementation of Water Framework Directive.     

陶瓷印花废水处理的混凝剂及工艺条件

采用混凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）对陶瓷印花废水进行混凝沉降处理，监测水样的吸光度、浊度、悬浮物，以脱色率、浊度去除率、悬浮物去除率评价混凝处理的效果。结果表明：PAC是陶瓷印花废水沉降处理的理想混凝剂；水样的吸光度、浊度、悬浮物随混凝剂用量增大和沉降时间延长而呈降低趋势，而脱色率、浊度去除率、悬浮物去除率随混凝剂和沉降时间的增大呈增大的趋势；PAC投加量为20mg／L，沉降时间约为24h，水样脱色率达到90．0％，而当PAC投加量达到100mg／L，沉降时间约为4h，陶瓷印花水的脱色率可达到96．0％。证明了药剂用量的增加与沉降时间的延长对混凝过程具有增效作用。     

Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by either single or combined cultures of some soilborne plant pathogenic fungi

Abstract

Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos was studied in liquid culture media amended with either single or combined eight different plant pathogenic fungi isolated from the continuous cropping wheat fields. The average recovery of chlorpyrifos from the liquid media was found to be 86.1%. The detection limit of chlorpyrifos by the analytical method used was 19 ppb. Data showed that the growth of mixed fungi at concentrations up to 200 ppm of chlorpyrifos was higher than in the control treatment. Chlorpyrifos concentrations declined in the medium of combined fungi more than it did in the medium of any single fungus with increase in the incubation period. The amount of chlorpyrifos recovered was 79.8 ppm (39.9%) in the combined fungal cultures after 21 days. However, those recovered from the media of Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Cladosporhim cladosporiodes, Cephalosporium sp., Trichoderma viridi, Alternaria alternata, and Cladorrhinum brunnescens, ranged from 48.0 to 74.8%. The half‐life value (T_1/2) for chlorpynfos was 15.8 day in the medium amended with mixed fungi. However, for the single cultures it ranged from 19.3 to 33.0 day.     

Using Twitter to communicate conservation science from a professional conference

Scientists are increasingly using Twitter as a tool for communicating science. Twitter can promote scholarly discussion, disseminate research rapidly, and extend and diversify the scope of audiences reached. However, scientists also caution that if Twitter does not accurately convey science due to the inherent brevity of this media, misinformation could cascade quickly through social media. Data on whether Twitter effectively communicates conservation science and the types of user groups receiving these tweets are lacking. To address these knowledge gaps, we examined live tweeting as a means of communicating conservation science at the 2013 International Congress for Conservation Biology (ICCB). We quantified and compared the user groups sending and reading live tweets. We also surveyed presenters to determine their intended audiences, which we compared with the actual audiences reached through live tweeting. We also asked presenters how effectively tweets conveyed their research findings. Twitter reached 14 more professional audience categories relative to those attending and live tweeting at ICCB. However, the groups often reached through live tweeting were not the presenters’ intended audiences. Policy makers and government and non‐governmental organizations were rarely reached (0%, 4%, and 6% of audience, respectively), despite the intent of the presenters. Plenary talks were tweeted about 6.9 times more than all other oral or poster presentations combined. Over half the presenters believed the tweets about their talks were effective. Ineffective tweets were perceived as vague or missing the presenters’ main message. We recommend that presenters who want their science to be communicated accurately and broadly through Twitter should provide Twitter‐friendly summaries that incorporate relevant hashtags and usernames. Our results suggest that Twitter can be used to effectively communicate speakers’ findings to diverse audiences beyond conference walls.