一种新型悬浮填料的性能试验研究

本文对生物接触氧化法中的悬浮填料一密度、材质和形状对曝气强度、充氧能力及挂膜能力的影响进行了试验研究.研究中分别采用清水状态的曝气和充氧能力试验以及挂膜的方法.结果表明,悬浮填料的密度在0.95～0.99 g/cma之间比较适合.曝气池内加入填料后,可以提高普通穿孔管的充氧能力,且在一定的投配率范围内,随着填料的增加,氧的传递速率和利用率增加.挂膜试验表明聚丙烯比聚乙烯挂膜快且均匀,膜量大,而且圆柱形填料比空心球填料的挂膜量大.     

Mann-Kendall检验及其在河流悬沙浓度时间序列分析中的运用

探讨了Mann-Kendall非参数秩次相关检验在时间序列分析方面的应用,并以云南省文山州盘龙河为例,把它运用到河流悬沙浓度时间序列的趋势分析和突变分析研究中。结果表明：①M-K检验同样适用于河流悬沙浓度的趋势与突变分析;②盘龙河自20世纪60年代初至90年代末河流悬沙浓度一直表现为波动上升趋势,1999年后有下降的迹象;③盘龙河的河流悬沙浓度自20世纪60年代以来存在着两个明显的突变点,其一在1973年,其二在1999年。     

油田采出水过滤进水中不同粒径悬浮物的质量分布

采用已知孔径的微孔过滤器,对油田采出水的过滤进水进行了筛分,分析了悬浮物的质量浓度,并同步测定了颗粒体积浓度和几何特征值。除了D[v,0.5]具有指标性意义外,粒度分析结果并不能完全代表过滤等工艺的分离精度。悬浮物几何特征值、体积浓度和质量含量降低率不是同步的,其中质量浓度降低幅度最小。当粒径小于4μm的悬浮物质含量超过3mg/L时,难以被目前普遍采用的过滤工艺去除。应选择与膜过滤类似的更精密的工艺技术,才能最终达到采出水回用标准。     

RUNOFF EVENT IMPACTS ON A WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIR: SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOADING, TURBID PLUME BEHAVIOR, AND SEDIMENT DEPOSITION1

Abstract: The impacts of runoff events on external suspended solids loading to Schoharie Reservoir, New York, and patterns of light scattering and sediment deposition in this reservoir are assessed. The assessment is based on monitoring of suspended solids concentrations in the reservoir's primary tributary, detailed vertical profiles of optical backscattering (a surrogate measure of light scattering) in the reservoir water column, and analysis of sediment trap collections, over a seven-month interval of high runoff. These impacts are reported to be tightly temporally coupled and strongly positively related to the magnitude of runoff events. The primary tributary entered the reservoir as a plunging inflow during runoff events, causing conspicuous subsurface peaks in light scattering, with vertical patterns that varied strongly for different events. Deposition quantified by near-bottom trap deployments is reported to be more representative than results from metalimnetic deployments that were generally within, rather than below, the turbid layers. Direct inputs of sediment, transported by density currents, are found to drive deposition, rather than resuspension/redeposition. More than 50 percent of the reported deposition occurred in less than 15 percent of the study period, associated with the four largest runoff events.     

长江武汉段水体悬浮物中有机氯农药的残留状况

以α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH,p,p′-DDE,p,p′-DDD,o,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDT和HCB等9种有机氯农药为目标污染物,采用索氏提取和气相色谱法,对长江武汉段水体悬浮物中有机氯农药的残留进行调查分析。调查发现,在长江武汉段水体悬浮物中,六氯苯(HCB)、六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)类有机氯农药均被检出,其中六氯苯(HCB)在表层沉积物中的残留量(质量分数)为0 37～9 06ng g,平均为2 89ng g;六六六类农药在悬浮物中的残留量(质量分数)为0 23～1 90ng g,平均为0 76ng g;滴滴涕类在悬浮物中的残留量(质量分数)为0 18～4 67ng g,平均为1 31ng g。在长江武汉段水体悬浮物中,HCB,p,p′-DDE和γ-HCH的被检出率和残留量均最高,为主要污染物。      

投加填料强化A/O系统脱氮性能研究

介绍了投加填料法对A/O(厌氧—好氧)工艺生物脱氮的影响。在填料投加率50%(φ(填料)=50%)、好氧段HRT 4.4 h和缺氧段HRT 2.2 h的情况下,进水CODC r为300~800 mg/L、NH4+-N为30~70 mg/L,TN为30~90 mg/L,出水CODC r小于48 mg/L,NH4+-N小于5 mg/L,TN小于15 mg/L,去除效率可分别达到90%、91%和60%以上,出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A排放标准,明显优于常规A/O系统。     

太湖梅梁湾水体悬浮颗粒物中重金属的含量

用ICP—AES方法测定太湖梅梁湾水体悬浮颗粒物中的Co,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn等重金属元素,以及Al,Ba,Be,Ca,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Na,Sr,Ti,V等相关金属元素的含量,并分析了沉积物中相关元素的含量和分布特征．悬浮物中Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Zn的含量显著高于表层沉积物,Al,Ba,Be,Ca,Co,Fe,K,Mg,Pb,V等元素的含量高出表层沉积物10％-30％,Sr和Ti与沉积物中的含量相当,Na的含量则显著低于沉积物．重金属元素在悬浮物中表现出较强的富集作用．从污水入湖口到湾心,悬浮物中Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn含量呈明显降低的趋势,反映出直湖港对太湖的污染作用仍十分严重．但沉积物中重金属含量并未表现出自港口到湾心显著降低的趋势,说明该区域沉积物对水体重金属污染的记录信息可能失真．水体悬浮物的重金属含量可以很好地反映水体的污染状况及其潜在的生态效应．     

不同泥龄MBR中溶解性微生物代谢产物对膜污染的影响

通过4套平行运行的小试膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor,MBR)研究了不同泥龄下溶解性微生物代谢产物(soluble microbial products,SMP)对膜污染的影响.以多糖、蛋白质表征SMP的含量,并通过三维荧光光谱(EEM)、分子量分布(MW)、红外光谱(FTIR)及扫面电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDX)技术分析了不同泥龄下SMP的变化.结果表明,各泥龄MBR对氨氮和COD均有较好的去除效果,但SMP的含量以及膜污染程度均随着泥龄的升高而降低.泥龄越低,膜阻力越大,小分子量物质(＜1 000)积累程度越大,低泥龄MBR中蛋白质以及腐殖酸类物质含量较高;扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-DEX)结果表明,金属元素更容易在低泥龄MBR中的膜表面堆积.     

Effects of bulking agent addition on odorous compounds emissions during composting of OFMSW

The effects of rice straw addition level on odorous compounds emissions in a pilot-scale organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) composting plant were investigated. The cumulative odorous compounds emissions occurred in a descending order of 40.22, 28.71 and 27.83 mg/dry kg of OFMSW for piles with rice straw addition level at ratio of 1:10, 2:10 and 3:10 (mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW on a wet basis), respectively. The mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW had a statistically significant effect on the reduction of malodorous sulfur compounds emissions, which had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of VFAs, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatics and ammonia emissions during composting, respectively. The cumulative emissions of malodorous sulfur compounds from piles with the increasing rice straw addition level were 1.17, 1.08 and 0.88 mg/dry kg of OFMSW, respectively. The optimal mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW was 1:5. Using this addition level, the cumulative malodorous sulfur compounds emissions based on the organic matter degradation were the lowest during composting of OFMSW.     

利用悬浮填料附着生物膜同步去除碳氮磷

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）处理配制模拟废水，实验结果表明，水力停留时间为6h、悬浮填料填充率为40％时，在不同C／N／P比率条件下，MBBR对COD、NH4＋-N和TN去除性能好且稳定，平均去除率分别达到90％、94．8％和62．39％以上，而TP的去除率受C／N／P值影响较大，当C／N／P的比值为100／10／1．8时，平均去除率达到58．03％。一定的溶解氧（DO）质量浓度能保证反应器中COD、NH4-N高效稳定的去除，同时是TN和TP同时去除的重要影响因素，在MBBR中最佳DO值约为3mg／L。由于附着在悬浮填料生物膜内部存在厌氧、缺氧微环境条件，在反应器中存在少量的反硝化聚磷菌。