Effect of sorbed and desorbed Zn(Ⅱ) on the growth of a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)

Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ) on a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidasa) in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples (without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ) was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ) concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ) concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ) from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively.     

Preparation1 and utilization of wheat straw anionic sorbent for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution

In order to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by agricultural residues (i.e. excess nitrate) in aqueous solution, economic and effective anionic sorbents are required. In this article, we prepared anionic sorbent using wheat straw. Its structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated. The results indicate that the yield of the prepared anionic sorbent, the total exchange capacity, and the maximum adsorption capacity were 350%, 2.57 mEq/g, and 2.08 mmol/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm mode is more suitable than the Langmuir mode and the adsorption process accords with the first order reaction kinetic rate equation. When multiple anions (SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-, and NO2-) were present, the isotherm mode of prepared anionic sorbent for nitrate was consistent with Freundlich mode; however, the capacity of nitrate adsorption was reduced by 50%. In alkaline solutions, about 90% of adsorbed nitrate ions could be desorbed from prepared anionic sorbent. The results of this study confirmed that the wheat straw anionic sorbent can be used as an excellent nitrate sorbent that removes nitrate from aqueous solutions.     

新一代三效催化剂的关键材料─CexZr1-xO2固溶体研究进展

汽车尾气排放法规的日趋严格迫切要求开发高性能的三效催化剂.传统三效催化剂中的CeO2高温下易发生烧结而降低或失去储氧能力.而加入锆所形成的CexZr1-xO2固溶体具有良好的抗高温老化性能、低温还原性能和较高的储氧能力,可以作为新一代三效催化剂的关键材料.     

除镍化学镀镍废液制成复合肥的芥菜肥效试验研究

盆栽试验施用两种由磷、氮含量较高的化学镀镍废液沉淀除镍之浓缩液制成的复合肥。结果表明,芥菜施用浓缩液复合肥后,肥效与对照的“过磷酸钙”复合肥无显著差异;与不施肥相比,由于芥菜幼苗耐肥性较差,在一定程度上抑制芥菜的前期生长,芥菜地上部干质量显著降低,但对提高土壤Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ含量仍有显著帮助。     

广州新白云机场土洞、溶洞的稳定性判别及其加固处理

土洞、溶洞问题是广州新白云国际机场的主要工程地质问题之一。土洞、溶洞数量多达一百多个,洞体直径3-104 m,洞高0.4-23.5 m,顶板埋深3.2-35.4 m,在土方施工时即出现崩塌现象。文章在对土洞、溶洞的特征进行详细分析的基础上,结合本机场工程的特点,提出了一套稳定性判别的方法,进而对土洞、溶洞处理方法进行了探讨,并通过现场试验研究,在取得试验测试结果的基础上,将填充贫混凝土与袖阀管注浆相结合的加固方法,应用于实际工程中,取得了良好的处理效果,并积累了机场工程土洞、溶洞处理的成功经验。     

超声波降解水溶液中甲醛的研究

研究了超声波场降解水溶液中甲醛的行为,并探讨了反应动力学方程。实验表明,超声波降解甲醛能够达到较高的降解率,但反应速率较低。甲醛的降解率随超声作用时间的延长而直线上升,在频率200kHz、功率200W的超声场作用4h后可达到90％左右。反应体系的最佳温度为30℃。在碱性区域甲醛的降解率出现大幅度的增加。溶液中溶解气体的种类对降解反应有一定的影响,降解速率顺序为O_3>空气>N_2。超声波降解甲醛的反应符合一级反应动力学模式。     

内循环式射流溶气工艺在浮选系统中的应用

通过对内循环式射流溶气工艺原理的分析及在实践工作中的应用，总结出内循环系统在投用及使用过程中的注意事项，并通过分析出水水质，进一步说明其在实践运行中所起的作用。     

SO42-改性TiO2催化降解茜素红水溶液

基于SO42-对TiO2超强酸化改性制备了SO42-/TiO2催化剂,以茜素红为目标物试验研究了该催化剂的催化降解性能,并考察了降解条件等因素对脱色率的影响.结果表明,SO42-/TiO2具有较强催化降解性能及一定的光催化活性,降解过程中SO42-流失是催化剂失活的主要原因.在pH=7,催化剂加入量为2.5g/L,起始浓度为140mg/L,太阳光等优化工艺条件下降解效果最好,脱色率达到92%.     

含氮氧化物（NOX）工业废气治理

通过对含氮氧化物（ＮＯＸ）工业废气治理的多年实践，要治理间断地、非均匀排放的含ＮＯＸ工业废气，采用尿素鼓泡吸收分解还原法，具有治理效果好、无二次污染；工艺设备简单、操作条件温和、弹性大、方便、平稳、治理成本低等优点     

钻孔灌注施工中的几个常见问题及处理方法

通过对钻孔灌注桩施工中的桩身缩孔、堵管、钢筋笼上浮、断桩等几个常见问题产生的原因进行分析，并有针对性提出了一些通用的处理方法，可作为钻孔灌注桩施工中进行控制的参考，减少质量问题的产生．