尾矿库酸性废水处理研究

介绍了使用两段中和法处理矿山酸性废水,即首先用矿物或废渣作中和剂将废水的pH值调节到4.0左右,再用石灰乳进行中和。在实验室研究的基础上,对某铁矿尾矿库酸性废水采用两段中和法进行试验。试验结果表明,出水pH值达到6~8时,出水水质指标达到国家排放标准。     

金矿尾矿库渗漏后治理措施的探寻

分析了金矿尾矿库发生渗漏的原因,重点介绍了尾矿库渗漏后的综合治理措施。通过治理措施的实施,不仅解决了尾矿库渗漏问题,而且为尾矿库的增高扩容提供了良好的条件。其成功经验可以为类似金矿企业所借鉴。     

Enhanced adaptability of Sesbania rostrata to Pb/Zn tailings via stem nodulation

Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the e ects of inoculating (with stem nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three di erent types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%–4.9%, 2.2%–7.7%, 27.8%–72.2%, 17.1%–23.5%, 12.3%–34.2%, and 43.1%–131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9–11.6 times and 5.8–29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.     

模拟研究尾矿对环境的污染及治理探讨

文章通过对广东粤北地区几类典型的尾矿、废石等矿山废弃物进行酸雨淋洗的模拟实验,研究了酸性条件下矿山废弃物中重金属离子Fe、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn、Cu和Cd以及硫酸根的溶出情况。结果表明,在酸雨条件下矿山废渣可以产生一定量的可溶性重金属,主要以Fe、Mn和Pb为主;尾砂同时产生一定的可溶性硫酸根,导致矿山流出水呈酸性。探讨了用石灰作为矿山流出水的pH调节剂、利用共沉淀除去重金属的可能性;并提出了治理尾砂堆场的措施。     

基于无人机摄影测量的尾矿坝边坡表面变形监测*

为弥补传统基于GPS/GNSS的单点监测方式无法反映尾矿坝整体变形的局限性,提出1种结合坝坡现有位移监测系统的无人机尾矿坝边坡表面变形监测方法。利用单镜头轻小型多旋翼无人机和计算机视觉技术对尾矿坝的空间三维地理信息进行数据采集与重建;基于设置在坝坡表面的位移人工监测点（水泥桩）对多期尾矿坝点云数据进行配准;通过对不同时期尾矿坝点云数据距离的计算实现对其边坡表面变形的整体监测。结果表明:经过雨季冲刷,山东某尾矿坝局部边坡出现冲沟、滑塌、表层滑移等现象;提出的方法能够精细地体现出尾矿坝边坡的整体变形与细节变化,可为尾矿坝边坡整体变形监测方法的拓展提供参考。     

尾矿砂介质渗流过程诱发声发射信号特征试验研究*

为了对渗流状态进行预测预报,从而预防渗透破坏事故的发生,基于地下水位上升、不同尾矿砂粒径以及渗流速度诱发的弹性波信号,采用声发射技术对尾矿砂介质的渗流状态进行监测。由800,1 100,1 400 mm 3种不同水头高度（流速）下的水流分别渗入0.1~0.25,0.25~0.5,0.5~1 mm以及混合粒径的尾矿砂介质中,模拟尾矿坝渗流,监测渗流过程的AE信号,分析液面上升、不同粒径尾矿砂颗粒以及不同流速下的渗流AE信号特征。结果表明:在试验所选用的几组粒径中,流速相同时,粒径较大的尾矿砂渗流产生的AE事件数量多、幅值大,即粒径越大,尾矿砂渗流过程的AE信号越强;同一粒径下,流速越小,渗流产生的AE信号幅值越小,AE事件数越少,即流速越小,尾矿砂渗流过程的AE信号越弱;液面上升过程中,在液面位置处产生的AE信号最强,且AE信号随液面位置与传感器距离而变化,越接近传感器AE信号越强,这表明AE技术能够较为准确地监测渗流过程中液面上升。研究结果可为尾矿坝渗流监测提供理论与技术支持。     

碳酸盐岩地区矿山酸性排水的产生及其防治初探

尾矿中的硫化物在空气、水、微生物等的作用下,发生一系列的物理化学反应,形成矿山酸性排水(AMD)。在碳酸盐岩地区,由于尾矿和围岩中都含有大量对酸具有中和效应的碳酸盐矿物,于是人们一直认为碳酸盐岩地区的尾矿不存在酸污染。而如广西大厂、广东凡口及大宝山、贵州牛角塘等碳酸盐岩地区矿山的尾矿却存在着严重的酸污染,其主要原因是碳酸盐矿物在中和酸水过程中,表面会形成阻止反应进一步进行的次生包壳,碳酸盐矿物的实际中和量达不到其理论值。矿山酸性排水携带大量的重金属离子,对碳酸盐岩地区的生态环境及矿山工程设施带来严重的危害。针对碳酸盐岩地区尾矿自身的特殊性,对新建尾矿堆采用覆盖法,而对已经产酸的尾矿用渗透反应栅法,是防治这类尾矿酸化的有效方法。     

基于GDEM-PDyna的尾矿库溃坝三维数值模拟分析研究*

为进一步探究尾矿坝溃决后特有泥石流运移规律,掌握坝体破坏前至溃坝结束全流程发展状态,依托广东省某案例尾矿库为研究对象,采用基于有限元与离散元耦合方法的GDEM-PDyna软件构建泥石流类流体下泄演化数值模型,开展尾矿坝溃决演化分析,动态模拟尾矿库溃决过程中泥砂运动规律及淹没范围,并与MIKE 21软件计算结果进行对比。研究结果表明:尾矿坝溃决后,泥石流类流体流速升高、持续时间较短且尾砂流量发展迅速,2种模拟方法对比结果表明溃坝后坝基位置下泄流量变化与下游敏感点溃坝淹没深度变化情况一致。研究结果可为实现尾矿库下游重点区域灾害评估提供量化支撑,可有效提高尾矿坝溃决后灾害影响评估的精准性。     

Changes in the sorption, desorption, distribution, and availability of copper, induced by application of sewage sludge on Chilean soils contaminated by mine tailings

The effect of mine tailings and sewage sludge was evaluated on sorption, desorption, availability and distribution of copper in two soils, one high (sandy soil) and one low in copper (clay soil). In both soils contaminated by mine tailings the copper sorption capacity and the affinity of the substrate for the metal decreased substantially compared to the uncontaminated soils, however, the sorption remained always high in the clay soil substrates. In the substrates with sandy soil, the high Cu content and lower clay content were determining factors in the lower magnitude of the sorption. Similarly, metal desorption was closely related to these two parameters, and it was higher in clay soil with lower pH. In general, the application of sewage sludge favored the sorption of Cu in soils contaminated and uncontaminated with mine tailings, and in all cases desorption decreased, an effect that remained for at least 30 days. Simple extraction of Cu with CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gave contradictory results, so a careful choice of the procedure is required, depending on the level of metal in the soil and on the acting principle of the extracting agent. In that relation, more complete information on the changes in the metal forms was obtained by application of the sequential extraction procedure proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference.     

絮团尺寸对全尾砂絮凝沉降效果的影响研究*

为研究絮团尺寸对全尾砂絮凝沉降效果的影响,采用正交实验和图像颗粒分析相结合的方法,进行多因素耦合条件下全尾砂絮凝沉降实验,基于Giddings函数的沉降速度模型,提出全尾砂絮团图像颗粒分析,探究各时段絮团尺寸的变化规律。研究结果表明:当尾砂浆浓度为15%、絮凝剂溶液浓度为0.25%、絮凝剂单耗为20 g/t,pH值为10时,絮凝沉降效果最佳,最大沉降速度达13.12 mm/s;随着沉降时间的增加,沉降速度随絮团直径、长径比减小而减小,随圆形度增大而减小。研究结果可为实际生产中控制全尾砂絮凝沉降参数、提高沉降速率提供参考。