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311.
Ye Yuan Pascal Weitzel Andreas Schäffer 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):533-543
The metabolic fate of 14C-phenyl-labeled herbicide clodinafop-propargyl (14C-CfP) was studied for 28 days in lab assays using a sediment–water system derived from a German location. Mineralization was 5.21% of applied 14C after 28 days exhibiting a distinct lag phase until day 14 of incubation. Portions of radioactivity remaining in water phases decreased at moderate rate to 18.48% after 28 days; 62.46% were still detected in water after 14 days. Soxhlet extraction of the sediment using acetonitrile released 35.56% of applied 14C with day 28, while 33.99% remained as non-extractable residues. A remarkable increase of bound 14C was observed between 14 and 28 days correlating with the distinct increase of mineralization. No correlation was found throughout incubation with microbial activity of the sediment as determined by dimethyl sulfoxide reduction. Dissolved oxygen and pH value of water phases remained almost constant for 28 days. Analyses of Soxhlet extracts of the sediment and ethyl acetate extracts of water phases by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC revealed that CfP was rapidly cleaved to free acid clodinafop (Cf), which was further (bio-) transformed. DT50 values (based on radio-HPLC) were below 1 day (CfP) and slightly above 28 days (Cf). Further metabolites were not detected. Fractionation of humic and non-humic components of the sediment demonstrated that CfP's non-extractable residues were predominantly associated with fulvic acids up to 14 days of incubation (3.36%), whereas after 28 days, the majority of radioactivity was found in the humin/mineral fraction (13.30% of applied 14C). Due to high-performance size-exclusion chromatography of the fulvic acids fraction derived from assays incubated for 28 days, this portion of 14C was firmly, possibly covalently bound to fulvic acids and did not consist of CfP or Cf. Using an isolation strategy comprising preincubation of sediment with CfP and mineralization of 14C-CfP as criterion, a microorganism was isolated from the sediment examined. It grew on 14C-CfP as sole carbon source with evolution of 14CO2. The bacterium was characterized by growth on commonly used carbon sources and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Its sequence exhibited high similarity with that of Nocardioides aromaticivorans strain H-1 (98.85%; DSM 15131, JCM 11674). 相似文献
312.
F. Fernandez-Luqueno F. ThalassoM.L. Luna-Guido J.M. Ceballos-RamírezI.M. Ordoñez-Ruiz L. Dendooven 《Journal of environmental management》2009
Recycling of municipal wastewater requires treatment with flocculants, such as polyacrylamide. It is unknown how polyacrylamide in sludge affects removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from soil. An alkaline-saline soil and an agricultural soil were contaminated with phenanthrene and anthracene. Sludge with or without polyacrylamide was added while emission of CO2 and concentrations of NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, phenanthrene and anthracene were monitored in an aerobic incubation experiment. Polyacrylamide in the sludge had no effect on the production of CO2, but it reduced the concentration of NH4+, increased the concentration of NO3− in the Acolman soil and NO2− in the Texcoco soil, and increased N mineralization compared to the soil amended with sludge without polyacrylamide. After 112 d, polyacrylamide accelerated the removal of anthracene from both soils and that of phenanthrene in the Acolman soil. It was found that polyacrylamide accelerated removal of phenanthrene and anthracene from soil. 相似文献
313.
紫外光作用下氯酚的矿化程度比较 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
有关氯酚污染物光化学降解的研究,已有报道。HuangCP的工作较有系统性,他研究了四类深度化学氧化过程,检测指标是氯酚浓度。本文研究了在紫外光以及其它因素作用下,氯酚混合溶液的矿化程度,以溶液总有机磷浓度TOC作为指标。所得结论,对于含有氯酚废水的治理,具有指导意义;对于难降解 相似文献
314.
在实验室中用同位素示踪法,研究了土壤中不同石油污染量对氮矿化及硝化速率的影响。结果表明,石油对土壤中有机氮的矿化没有显著影响,但减缓了硝化反应的进程。土壤经过10d的培养,在未污染的土壤中硝化细菌数量由1.6×103增加到1.6×106,而在受石油污染的土壤上,硝化细菌数量仅增加到6.3×104;增加试验前土壤硝化菌数量为2.6×106,加油培养10d后,硝化细菌数量下降了近90%。 相似文献