铁/镍/炭三元内电解法降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

在传统铁炭二元内电解的基础上,研究了不同条件下投加第三种接触材料镍构成的铁/镍/炭三元内电解体系对活性艳红X-3B染料废水的处理速率和降解效果的影响。实验表明,在ZVI、镍粉和活性炭的质量比为1∶1∶1,X-3B染料废水初始浓度50 mg/L,初始p H值为4,温度20℃的恒温搅拌条件下,三元内电解体系对废水的降解效果要优于二元内电解体系。     

阳离子淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

研究了阳离子淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应制备阳离子型絮凝剂的工艺，并用硅藻土悬浊液及实际水样对产物的絮凝性能进行了考察。其最佳合成条件：阳离子淀粉与丙烯酰胺的质量比为1：4，引发剂加入量为丙烯酰胺质量的0．1％，反应温度50℃，反应时间3h。絮凝效果实验中，接枝共聚物絮凝剂的最佳加入量为4mg／L。与阳离子淀粉和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂相比，接枝共聚物絮凝剂对渭河水及造纸网下白水的絮凝效果更好。     

碱木素及其改性产物制备重金属吸附剂的研究

从碱法造纸黑液中提取出的木素,在一定条件下,以硫酸铈铵为引发剂,与丙烯酰胺反应制取木素改性产物。用红外光谱对其结构进行表征,并研究了其对重金属离子的吸附性能。结果表明:在25℃下,改性产物对重金属离子Cu2+、Cr6+、Ni2+的吸附容量分别达到了53.9mg/g、47.2mg/g和25.9mg/g,并且对Cu2+、Cr6+、Ni2+的吸附在2.5h内即可达到饱和。     

三元离子缔合物萃取分光光度法测定环境水样中Fe(Ⅱ)和总铁含量

以3-(2-吡啶基)-5,6-二苯基-1,2,4-三嗪(PDT)为络合衍生显色试剂,四溴酚酞乙酯钾(TBPE-K)为离子对试剂,Fe(Ⅱ)与PDT、TBPE-K生成三元离子缔合物[Fe(PDT)3][TBPE]2,用1,2-二氯乙烷作为有机萃取试剂,测定有机相中离子缔合物的吸光度。由于三元离子缔合物的生成,最大吸收波长由555 nm红移至610 nm,摩尔吸收系数由2.4×104L.mol-1.cm-1增加至1.9×105L.mol-1.cm-1,使得检测方法的灵敏度得到较大提高,并成功应用于泉水及表层湖水中Fe(II)及总铁含量的测定。     

碱性阴离子交换纤维处理印染废水的研究

采用自制的弱碱性阴离子交换纤维处理含活性染料的印染废水,研究了该方法的处理效果及其影响因素。结果表明:弱碱性阴离子交换纤维处理含活性染料的印染废水有良好的效果,接枝率为70%～80%的离子交换纤维处理效果最佳。离子交换纤维用量、pH、反应温度和反应时间对处理效果有重要影响。初步探讨了离子交换纤维的脱色机理。     

淀粉接枝型絮凝剂的合成及在废水中的应用

以过硫酸铵／亚硫酸氢钠为引发体系,合成了淀粉接枝丙稀酰胺共聚物。采用正交试验方案研究了絮凝剂的合成工艺条件,得出最佳条件：反应温度为5℃,引发剂量为0．3g,mat：mAM为1：2(质量比),反应时间为3h。将合成的高分子絮凝剂应用于焦化废水的处理,得出投加量为8mg／L为宜。     

木质素接枝改性影响因素的研究

对碱法麦草制浆黑液酸法回收的木质素与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应进行了试验研究.结果表明,接枝共聚反应的适宜条件为:丙烯酰胺单体用量1.0mol·1-1,过硫酸钾引发剂浓度1.0×10-2mol·1-1,反应温度70℃,固液比1:50(W/W),反应时间4h.木质素与木质素接枝聚合物以及聚丙烯酰胺的红外光谱表明,木质素与丙烯酰胺之间发生了接枝共聚反应.     

Advanced lignin-acrylamide water treatment agent by pulp and paper industrial sludge：Synthesis, properties and application

A novel flocculant LA （lignin-acrylamide polymer）, which was used as aid for aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride in this study, was prepared by grafting acrylamide onto lignin that deriving from pulp and papermaking sludge. Physicochemical properties of LA were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental outcome indicated acrylamide was grafted onto the lignin backbone successfully. The effects of LA addition were evaluated on coagulation performance and floc characteristics as a function of aluminum （Al） dosage, such as floc size, growth rate, strength and recoverability. Effects of different dosing sequences, Al dosed first and LA dosed first, were also investigated. LA used as coagulant aid markedly enhanced the removal efficiency of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon, especially at low Al dosages. The dissolved organic carbon removal efficiencies of aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride at the Al dosage range selected in this study were improved more than 30% and 5% by LA, respectively. LA dramatically enlarged floc size and it was in the order： Al dosed first 〉 LA dosed first 〉 Al. Floc strength and recoverability were also improved by LA. LA played a significant role in charge neutralization, adsorption and bridging in floc formation.     

Synthesis of the starch grafting of superabsorbent and high oil-absorbing resin

The graft copolymerization of the starch and acrylic were used to prepare the superabsorbent, and the high oil-absorbing resin was also studied preliminarily. In addition, following the method of the emulsion polymerization, the cerium nitrate amine was regarded as the initiator, the acrylic amide and the methyl methacrylate functioned as the monomer. There are several significant parameters taken into consideration such as the factors that influence the performance of the superabsorbent and the high oil-absorbing resin, the dosage of the initiator amount, the ratio of the starch and the monomer and the dosage of crosslinking agent.     

基于安全系统理论的水电工程智能安全管控模型设计

针对水电工程智能安全管控体系建设的问题,根据以信息化建造、数字大坝、智能大坝为特征的发展阶段趋势,运用安全系统理论,结合大数据、人工智能及云计算等最新信息技术,提出水电工程智能安全管理的内涵特征、层次结构、基础要素及技术体系,建立基于安全系统理论的水电工程智能安全管控模型。该模型借助数据感知技术,以推动人、机、环境三元融合为目标,形成基于群智数据协同的水电工程智能安全管控体系。以大渡河金川水电站为例,在该模型下实现了安全管理的风险识别、全面感知、智能管控和实时预警,为水电工程智能安全管控和智慧高效决策提供支撑。