垃圾填埋场新型覆盖层材料厚度对甲烷氧化行为的影响

甲烷是一种长期存在于大气中的重要温室气体,它对温室效应的贡献率是二氧化碳的21倍,生活垃圾填埋场是仅次于水稻田的第二大甲烷人为排放源,减少垃圾填埋场的甲烷气体排放对缓解全球变暖压力具有重要意义.在实验室条件下模拟垃圾填埋场甲烷排放情况,将堆肥+陶粒混合物(体积比1:1)这一新型覆盖层材料按6个厚度(30、40、50、60、70、80 cm)装入有机玻璃柱中研究甲烷氧化与覆盖层深度的关系.研究结果表明:试验94 d甲烷氧化率开始下降,到实验结束前6个柱体中甲烷氧化率相似,维持在24.6%～34.8%之间;甲烷氧化速率由于甲烷通入量不断加大呈现先增加后减小的趋势,最低值为2.45 mol·m~(-2)·d~(-1),最高值为17.82 mol·m~(-2)·d~(-1);在试验第119～121d对各个柱体不同深度的气体成分进行分析.发现甲烷氧化的范围主要集中在基质0cm～30cm深处.     

城市垃圾填埋场表面覆盖层的厚度及外观设计

以青岛湖岛垃圾填埋场为试验点,研究了非封闭式填埋场的表面覆盖层的厚度,并对封闭式填埋场的表面覆盖层厚度和垃圾填埋场生态工程表面覆盖的外观设计进行了探讨。对于非封闭式填埋场,实验结果表明:表面覆盖层的厚度应在0.20~0.50m之间;对于封闭式填埋场,表面覆盖厚度应大于1.5m。垃圾填埋场的外观以坡度为1∶3的凸状设计较为适宜。      

煤和瓦斯突出预测煤体结构指标计算方法的探讨

煤体结构类型是煤和瓦斯突出预测的重要地质指标,笔者在对煤体结构类型与瓦斯参数关系研究的基础上,提出突出煤层煤体结构有效厚度的概念和计算方法,并以河南平顶山矿区为例,进一步探讨了突出煤层煤体结构指标临界值的计算方法,为煤体结构指标定量计算提供了新的研究方法。     

辽东湾多层重叠冰单层厚度的理论分析

多层重叠冰是辽东湾海冰中特有的一种冰类型，它是海洋环境动力作用的产物，本文用力学观点阐明多层重叠冰的形成机制，介绍了弹性板壳压曲破坏模型。全文包括辽东湾冰厚特点，以辽东湾海冰力学性质参数为依据的分析计算结果和结合多年海冰调查结果的讨论。     

摩托车用无内胎车轮轮辋滚形工艺

给出了根据一种无内胎车轮轮辋滚形工艺各道滚形变形量确定方法而设计的模具 ,生产出的轮辋尺寸精度高、圆角减薄量小 ,且对各种型号的车轮通用性好 ,具有较大的现实意义。     

Hydrogen explosion incident mitigation in steam reforming units through enhanced inspection and forecasting corrosion tools implementation

Hydrogen (H₂) explosion effects recently examined, are confirming the devastating loss scenarios to humans, environment, assets, and associated business interruption. H₂ production is a core process in refineries used in further process steps. Steam reforming of natural gas or a mix with naphtha or LPG is a common hydrogen production technique, where the latest technologies have adopted enhanced metallurgies to minimize explosion risk and the associated maintenance cost following plant degradation owing to corrosion effects. However, corrosion rates are still high in specific areas of piping and process equipment. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology based on semi-quantitative RBI modeling according to regulations by API and recent EN standards, adopting a family of linear regression forecasting models that depict the yearly corrosion rate (per corrosion loop) of a hydrogen production steam reforming unit; this is done under different operating conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, and fluid speed), metallurgy and other related physicochemical variables. The model is based on the examination of both ultrasonic wall thinning measurements and the examination of quantitative crosslinking total corrosion effects along with the physicochemical properties prevailing in different plant corrosion loops. The outcome of the regression analysis is an expansive family of multivariable equations describing, with a defined accuracy, the yearly corrosion rate and associated lifespan forecast per corrosion loop, and per examined part. These equations were further utilized in a custom-made database that can be used as an additional loss prevention tool by the hydrogen production unit management team. Evaluation results regarding the tool efficiency are presented in the following of this paper.     

PWD22能见度仪监测上海市水平能见度的试验研究

利用PWD22能见度仪监测数据,分析了上海市2008年—2009年能见度日变化规律和四季逐日变化特征,以及能见度和混合层高度(MLH,Mixed Layer Height)、空气污染指数(API)及气象要素(相对湿度、风速、温度)的相关性。结果表明,能见度一峰一谷日变化特征明显,峰值出现在14:00~16:00,谷值出现在6:00~8:00。能见度与MLH相关性显著,与温度最差。能见度和气溶胶光学厚度(AOT)线性拟合呈负相关关系,且夏季相关性最显著,冬季最差。     

The Importance of Mixing Height in Characterising Pollution Levels from Aerosol Optical Thickness Derived by Satellite

In the present study the horizontal distribution of columnar aerosol optical thicknessderived at high spatial resolution from Earth observation satellite data in the Lombardy area (Italy) was converted to the horizontal distribution of optically effective aerosols concentration at the ground level. This was achieved by incorporating information on atmosphere's mixing height, at which pollutants released at ground level are vertically dispersed by convection or mechanical turbulence. The resulted fields compared favourably to pollutant concentration measurements provided by the ground stations. These results show that it is possible to calculate mean concentration fields by using the spatial distribution of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) measured by satellite normalized by the atmospheric mixing height. The advantage of satellites in measuring AOT is that they can capture all actual emissions compared to the models, which are based on inventoried data.     

粘土覆盖层对防治污水渗漏污染地下水作用的研究

本文通过实际类比的研究方法 ,对粘土覆盖层防治污水明渠渗漏污染地下水的作用进行了探讨 ,并确定了粘土覆盖层防止地面污水渗漏污染地下水所必需的临界厚度范围。