Monitoring of water quality and assessment of organic pollution load in the nilüfer stream, Turkey

This article presents the results of an investigation carried out on the Nilüfer stream located in the southern part of Marmara region in Turkey 1999–2003. It evaluates water quality and proposes local requirements to prevent aquatic pollution problems. The study took into account the seasonal influences of point and non-point discharges on the organic pollution levels of the stream. The results indicated sub-standard water quality in most parts of the stream. Untreated domestic wastewaters, industrial discharges and agricultural activities contributed to the total annual organic loading. This study reveals the importance of construction, operation, maintenance and legislation of wastewater collection and treatment programmes, as well as the need for strict control of point and non-point nutrient loads for the preservation of the Nilüfer stream's water quality. Appropriate strategies for the control of point and non-point pollution sources, amendments and enforcement of legislation should be developed.     

Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Meteorological and Air Pollution Data in the ‘Campo De Gibraltar’ Region, Spain

A complete statistical analysis of meteorological and air pollution data was carried out in the ‘Campo de Gibraltar’ region (in the South of Spain) from 1999 to 2002. This is a heavy industrialized area where, up to date, very few air pollution studies have been made. The main objectives of the study presented here have been the characterization of the meteorological and (gaseous and particulate) air pollution conditions in the area, and the relations between them. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), have been applied to the data. The results show that air quality in the area is highly dependent on meteorological conditions such as wind persistence and direction, dispersion capability of the atmosphere, and humidity content. On average, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide air pollution, mainly caused by fuel-oil combustion and traffic, respectively, is not very high. However, an important number of exceedences of the limits established by the EU Directive 1999 for PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 μm) have been observed in some points of the area. A significant percentage of these exceedences (about 22% on average) are likely caused by African dust intrusions, which usually take place from May to August. From gaseous and particulate air correlations, it seems that anthropogenic activities contribute with about 19% on average.     

电化学法消毒处理医院污水的试验研究

采用电化学法消毒处理医院污水,通过选用不同阳极材料构建的电化学体系,探讨电化学法的消毒机理.试验表明,以涂有贵金属(钌、铂和铱)氧化物的钛板作阳极,不锈钢板作阴极,在电流密度为8 mA/cm2、水力停留时间为15 min、空气流量为40L/h、极水比为1.0的试验条件下,消毒后污水中总大肠菌群数＜500 cfu/L,达到国家一级排放标准(GB8978-1996).     

气候变化对区域经济的影响及其对策研究

采用经济学上著名的“投入－产出”分析方法,结合气候变化对工业影响的统计模型和对农业产量影响的计算机模拟系统,建立了气候变化对区域经济影响的投入－产出模型,预测了未来不同气候变化情景对经济部门国内生产总值和总产出量的影响;分析了当气候变化对工业、农业部门的生产和产品发生影响时,导致的国民经济其他部门生产和产品的改变、部门间需求量的变化和各部门间投入产出流量的变化,为决策者提供了一些适应气候变化的相应对策,研究结果为实现气候变化情景下区域经济的平衡与协调发展,以及制定区域经济的发展规划提供了理论依据。     

天津市陆源污染物允许排海量的研究

渤海近岸海域污染已是约环渤海地区社会经济的发展。本文对配合天津市主要污染物总量控制,对天津市陆源主要污染物允许排海量的功能区划原则,水环境主要污染物,总量,主要污染物允许排海量的数学模型,陆源主要污染物允许排海量的计算依据等进行了阐述,同时对主要排污口主要污染物允许排海量及其消减量进行了计算。     

湖北东湖、梁子湖和洪湖颗粒物吸收光谱特征分析

通过对2007年9月底和10月初湖北东湖、梁子湖、洪湖水体中悬浮颗粒物的吸收系数进行研究,系统分析了3个湖泊水体中颗粒物吸收系数变化规律及影响因素。结果表明：总颗粒物吸收表现出明显浮游植物吸收特征,反映颗粒物中浮游植物贡献比较高;东湖和梁子湖吸收系数显著大于洪湖,表明东湖和梁子湖水下光场条件不如洪湖。武汉东湖各点颗粒物吸收系数变化不大,而梁子湖和洪湖各点则存在较大空间差异。3个湖泊非藻类颗粒物吸收光谱谱型一致,随波长增加大致按指数规律衰减。武汉东湖、梁子湖、洪湖指数函数斜率平均值分别为12.31±0.32 μm-1、1196±084 μm-1、1198±168 μm-1。浮游植物特征波长的吸收系数与浮游植物色素浓度具有显著性正相关,可以通过色素浓度测定反推浮游植物吸收系数。总颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物吸收系数与总悬浮物、有机颗粒物、无机颗粒物均存在显著性正相关。浮游植物吸收系数与有机颗粒物也有很好的线性相关,证明有机颗粒物主要以浮游植物为主。     

活性炭负载金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化甲硝唑

采用浸渍法制备了Fe、Ni、Ag、Ce 4种金属氧化物负载活性炭(MeOx/AC)催化剂,并用于甲硝唑(MNZ)的催化臭氧氧化降解,以考察其催化活性.在20 mg/h的臭氧投加量下,催化剂的加入(0.5 g)对MNZ(C0=5 mg/L;pH=5.5)的氧化和矿化有明显改善,其中NiOX/AC催化剂表现出较好的催化活性...     

乌梁素海湖滨带盐碱土碱化参数与特征分析

为了研究乌梁素海湖滨带,不同植被的土壤盐碱特征,测定了乌梁素海湖滨带盐碱土的碱化度(ESP)、钠吸附比(SAR)、总碱度、pH值和含盐量等指标,分析了该类型的土壤的简化特征及其垂直分布态势.结果表明,乌梁素海湖滨带土壤可溶件例子组成以Na+、SO2-4-和Cl-为主,各土层中Na+占阳离子总量比例平均多在63.6%以上...     

关于测定水中总硬度的分析

在测定水中总硬度时,影响分析结果的因素很多,如水样pH值、溶液的温度、滴定的时间等以及缓冲溶液的配制,操作不当均会给分析结果带来影响。因此文中针对上述问题提出了解决的办法。     

二维气相色谱法测定空气中的总烃及非甲烷总烃

采用单一进样口六通阀进样、毛细管柱二维气相色谱仪三通路分离塔柱分离系统、采用氢离子化检测器分别产生信号,测定环境空气中的非甲烷总烃。通过柱分离系统将样品平均分配到不同类型的两个毛细管色谱柱,分别测定总烃及甲烷。方法简单、快速,最大程度地保证了进样的一致性,从而保证了分析结果的准确性。