皮带输煤暗道通风排尘改造方案优化研究

为了解决皮带输煤暗道运输过程中粉尘污染严重及冬季供暖不足问题，对暗道通风供热系统进行了优化改造研究。以中煤平朔安家岭264输煤暗道为例，基于气固两相流理论，利用CFD模拟方法，对暗道内由风速对悬浮粉尘浓度分布的影响规律进行数值仿真。模拟结果显示:当输煤暗道排尘风速由0.25 m/s升至0.35 m/s时，粉尘浓度降为3.2 mg/m3，暗道最大通风阻力为245.94 Pa，最低换热量747.68 kW。基于数值模拟结果，从3种优化方案中选定一压一抽联合式通风除尘方案进行改造，现场实测除尘效果良好，表明所提出的输煤暗道通风除尘方案具有实践指导意义。     

钻爆法施工隧道炮烟运移规律数值模拟研究

为了提高钻爆法施工隧道炮烟排烟效率，改善隧道施工环境，以平顶山隧道某一段爆破施工过程为原型，基于质量守恒定律、Fick定律及Boussineg假设，运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT建立压入式通风条件下组分运输模型，分析风筒口至掌子面的距离及风筒入口风速对隧道内风流流场及炮烟浓度分布规律的影响。结果表明:风筒口至掌子面40 m，入口风速为20 m/s，通风时长为18.5 min时，隧道内风流分布稳定，且炮烟浓度均降至最高允许浓度值以下。将模拟结果与现场实测的炮烟浓度分布情况进行对比分析，数据基本吻合，验证了模拟的有效性。     

Emissions of volatile hydrocarbons from floating roof tanks and their local dispersion: Considerations for normal operation and in case of damage

This work investigates the release and dispersion of volatile organic hydrocarbons, which may escape from external floating roof tanks (EFRT) during normal operation or in case of damage. The dispersion will be described using CFD simulations in close range of the EFRT where hazardous areas are assigned. The aim of this work is to investigate which events can lead to emissions in dangerous quantities and to estimate the corresponding likelihood with regard to explosion protection. An emission in hazardous amount is present if the lower explosion limit has been exceeded and if the extent of this emission is not too low. It is discussed in particular whether the used zoning of potentially explosive areas is conservative or over-conservative.     

盾构铁路隧道坡度对火灾烟气蔓延的影响研究*

为研究坡度隧道内列车阻滞后的火灾烟气蔓延行为，利用火灾动力学模拟软件（FDS）建立盾构铁路隧道火灾模型和CRH6高速列车阻滞模型，隧道坡度分别为0%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%和4.0%，通过分析隧道内烟气、温度、能见度等特征参数的变化规律，研究坡度隧道内高温烟气的受力情况，探讨坡度变化对火灾烟气蔓延的作用机理。结果表明，坡度隧道内发生火灾，随着烟气的蔓延，隧道内形成沿坡度方向的烟囱效应力，使得烟气在火源两侧呈不对称分布。火源下游区域的高温烟气在火风压和烟囱效应的协同作用下蔓延速度比上游更快，下游烟气层分界中性面与隧道轴线平行，上游烟气层分界中性面呈现水平状态。有坡度的铁路隧道内发生火灾，建议向火源下游方向施加纵向机械通风，人员向火源的上游方向疏散逃生更安全。     

公路隧道施工安全风险评估方法优化研究

我国在建公路隧道工程数量增长迅速，施工安全事故时有发生，因此通过风险评估实现施工过程的风险控制就显得非常重要。在此背景下，交通运输部出台了《公路桥梁和隧道工程施工安全风险评估指南（试行）》，而在实际应用过程中，该评估指南无法完全适应多变的工程实际。针对该问题，在对隧道施工安全风险评估的各类评估方法及其适用性进行详细研究的基础上，将该评估指南与国内外其他相关成果和做法进行分析比对，指出该评估指南存在的不足之处，进一步提出相关优化与修订建议；最后，以湖南某高速公路隧道洞口坍塌事故为例，利用提出的施工前专项风险评估方法，综合运用数值模拟计算与事故后果当量估计，计算相应的风险等级，所得到的结果与实际情况更为接近，进一步说明本文所提优化方法的合理性和可操作性。     

大跨度公路隧道洞口段爆破对高边坡安全影响研究

为研究大断面公路隧道洞口段爆破开挖对边坡稳定性的影响，以某公路隧道洞口段工程为研究背景，基于Abaqus有限元软件，建立隧道—边坡三维数值计算模型，研究隧道洞口段爆破开挖对两侧高边坡安全性的影响，并分析砂浆锚杆对边坡的加固效果。结果表明:隧道洞口段爆破开挖施工时边坡坡脚处围岩振速最大，爆破对边坡水平振速影响较竖向振速及轴向振速更为显著，爆破时应控制坡脚及坡肩的水平振速；边坡坡面最大振速出现在洞口边坡坡面与仰坡坡面交线位置，边坡坡面与仰坡坡面交线上顶点为坡肩振速最危险的特征点，下端点为坡面振速最危险的特征点；增加锚杆长度对边坡水平位移的控制效果较竖向位移更为显著，锚杆长度宜取14 m。研究结果可为类似工程提供理论借鉴。     

两个相邻高建筑物周围的风环境

描述研究了建筑物周围人行道高度风速分布特征的风洞模拟实验。结果表明：在一个横风向宽度很大的高大建筑物的迎风面拐角附近，风速增大约１倍；而在建筑物的前方有风速的骤变区，这均形成严重的风环境问题。当用一通道将该建筑物分割成两个相邻建筑物时，上述两方面的风环境问题得到了有效的改善，且通道宽度与建筑物顺风向尺度之比的优化数值在１８至２４之间     

低层大气中固体粒子运动及其物理模拟

对于大气边界层中的固体粒子的风致运动－较大粒子的蠕动跃动和较小粒子悬浮－的主要特征作了介绍，着重介绍了在悬浮粒子运动的物理模拟研究方面的一些成果；复杂地形物低层大气湍流会显地提高起尘速率并改变降尘量的分布；有一定我向厚度的风障除了屏蔽效应－－即背风侧平均风速的减小－－外，还滕了终进入空气的灰尘数量的“宏观吸附效应”；总结了模拟悬浮粒子运动的风洞实验所应遵循的相似性准则，并提出了模拟防尘风障的中的     

Estimating fugitive dust emission rates using an environmental boundary layer wind tunnel

Emissions from fugitive dust due to erosion of “natural” wind-blown surfaces are an increasingly important part of PM₁₀ (particulate matter with sizes of 10 μm aerodynamic diameter) emission inventories. These inventories are particularly important to State Implementation Plans (SIP), the plan required for each state to file with the Federal government indicating how they will comply with the Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA). However, techniques for determining the fugitive dust contribution to over all PM₁₀ emissions are still in their developmental stages. In the past, the methods have included field monitoring stations, specialized field studies and field wind-tunnel studies. The measurements made in this paper allow for systematic determination of PM₁₀ emission rates through the use of an environmental boundary layer wind tunnel in the laboratory. Near surface steady-state concentration profiles and velocity profiles are obtained in order to use a control volume approach to estimate emission rates. This methodology is applied to soils retrieved from the nation's single largest PM₁₀ source, Owens (dry) Lake in California, to estimate emission rates during active storm periods. The estimated emission rates are comparable to those obtained from field studies and lend to the validity of this method for determining fugitive dust emission rates.     

Wind Tunnel Experiments and Numerical Simulation of Snow Drifting around an Avalanche Protecting Dam

To learn about wind flow and snow drifting around avalanche dams, experiments were done in the Jules Verne Climatic Wind Tunnel. The paper reports the results from numerical wind flow simulations that were done to support the findings from the wind tunnel. Satisfying the model similitude criteria for the wind tunnel configuration was difficult due to the inevitable small geometric scale of the model, while on the contrary the snow drifting conditions in the facilities were full scale. By comparing numerical wind flow results of full scale and model scale dams with the snow pattern observed in the wind tunnel, it was possible to conclude that albeit poor model similitude, the snowdrifts on the windward side of the wind tunnel model are likely to indicate the full scale natural situation.