敌百亩和阿米津的太赫兹透射光谱研究

为获得敌百亩和阿米津两种农药在太赫兹频段内的光学参数,完善常用农药太赫兹光谱数据库,利用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS),在室温294 K和氮气环境(湿度小于4%)下,对两种农药标准样品进行测试。获得了两种农药的太赫兹时域信号,并利用傅里叶变换和菲涅尔公式得到0.3~1.5 THz频段内的折射率谱和吸收谱。结果表明,敌百亩和阿米津的平均折射率分别为1.59和1.55,敌百亩吸收谱有3个吸收峰,阿米津有2个吸收峰,且两者吸收峰的位置与峰值存在明显的差异。相对于阿米津,敌百亩对于太赫兹波有更好的吸收特性。试验光谱特征说明,利用THz-TDS可以实现对农药的检测与鉴别。     

粉末活性污泥处理含铀废水的特性

以生活污水处理厂剩余活性污泥为原料,制备粉末活性污泥(PAS)作为生物吸附剂,考察p H值,PAS投加量,U(Ⅵ)初始浓度和吸附时间对PAS吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响,探讨了PAS吸附U(Ⅵ)的作用机理。实验结果表明,在U(Ⅵ)初始浓度为10 mg/L时,其最佳吸附p H值为3,去除率97.77%,吸附平衡时间120 min;吸附过程较好地拟合了准二级动力学模型(R2≈1)和Freundlich等温模型(R2≈1);X射线能谱和离子交换实验分析表明,离子交换为其主要吸附方式,参与交换的主要离子为Ca2+;红外光谱分析表明,PAS吸附U(Ⅵ)后自身结构未发生改变。以0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液作为解吸液,初次解吸率达92.83%,循环利用3次仍具有较好的吸附效果。     

九龙江口桐花树红树林对重金属的吸收与累积

探讨了福建九龙江口桐花树红树林对ＣＵ、Ｐｈ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｍｎ元素的吸收、累积及分布．结果表明：该林地土壤５种元素的储量关系为Ｍｎ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｐｈ＞ＣＵ≥Ｃｄ；植物体不同部位，各元素含量有着明显的差异，含量范围分别为Ｃｈ１．５１～５．７０、Ｐｂ１．３０～１０．７０、Ｚｎ１８．０～１００．１、Ｃｄ０．０４～０．２３和Ｍｎ１５．５～２３７．５（ｗ／１０－６）；植物对土壤元素的富集系数大小依次为Ｃｄ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｐｈ；群落现存生物量中，ＣＵ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｍｎ元素的现存累积量分别为１６．５６、６３．３０、４４５．０５、１．１４和１６５６．９３（ρＡ／ｍｇ·ｍ－２）．其中，地下部分别占７０．２％、８１．８％、７６．２％、７２．２％和８２．１％；林地残留物相应元素的储量分别为２１１．１１、１８４．００、１９４１．６９、６．１９和２２２４８．３１（ρＡ／μｇ·ｍ－２）．     

除草剂对植物光合作用和吸肥能力影响初探

本文应用P~(32)、C~(14)同位素示踪技术研究棉花与大豆施用三种除草剂对植物吸肥能力和光合作用的影响。结果表明,拿捕净抑制棉花对P~(32)的吸收,稳杀得反而起促进作用,禾草克影响不明显,三种除草剂对光合作用的抑制影响,稳杀得>拿捕净>禾草克。施药一周后,大豆和棉花的光合作用已恢复正常,施用拿捕净和稳杀得的两种作物对P~(32)的吸收均起促进作用,而施用禾草克的作物对P~(32)吸收已逐趋正常。     

Associations of trace elements in aerosol at the south Adriatic coast

We applied statistical methods to the data of a 5-year sampling period to characterize the features of trace elements in airborne particulate matter at the South Adriatic Coast. The analysis of surface soil samples was also performed. The data were processed by cluster analysis, enrichment factor determination and receptor rose statistics. It is shown that the principal element association consists of Fe, Mn and Ti originating from surface material resuspension. Hg and Se were shown to originate from more complex natural and anthropogenic processes. A strong emission source of Cd and Se was identified in the SSE direction.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organized by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic.     

针铁矿纤铁矿催化降解苯酚动力学速率及其反应产物研究

研究了针铁矿和纤铁矿在过氧化氢参与下对苯酚的催化降解的动力学速率与溶液pH关系,并用紫外吸收谱测定其反应产物的谱学特征,发现纤铁矿反应体系降解苯酚的速率大于针铁矿反应体系,其中又以pH=3.8的纤铁矿体系反应速率常数最大。当溶液pH=3～4时,苯酚可被完全降解,并有40%～60%有机碳(TOC)被矿化。当溶液pH=4～5时,苯酚可被转化为多酚类化合物,但基本上不被矿化。当溶液pH>5时,苯酚没有发生明显的转化和矿化。     

4-硝基苯胺与人血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

通过荧光和紫外光谱法研究了4-硝基苯胺与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的作用.结果表明,4-硝基苯胺对HSA的内源荧光具有强烈的猝灭作用.猝灭机理为静态猝灭,同时伴随有非辐射能量转移的发生.根据双对数方程计算其结合常数和结合位点数.确定4-硝基苯胺与HSA有一类结合部位.根据热力学参数得出4-硝基苯胺与HSA之间的主要作用力为氢键和疏水作用力.同步荧光的结果表明,作用点位靠近色氨酸,并且使色氨酸的疏水环境增强.     

哈尔滨市松花江段水质自然净化机理分析与水环境保护策略

河流水体受污染后，在自然环境因素的影响下由各种物理、化学及生物作用能得到一定的净化。哈尔滨市松花江段河流水质净化作用主要包括稀释、吸附、江底沉积物的机械过滤与吸附和絮凝沉淀作用。哈尔滨市松花江断面正处于河流侵蚀与堆积交替动态平衡中，可不断提供新的活性表面，使河底沉积物的净化作用持久不衰。该特殊的地质条件是本段河流保持较强净化作用的关键，妥善利用水环境净化能力是一种经济有效的水污染控制手段。     

Canopy structure versus physiology effects on net photosynthesis of mountain grasslands differing in land use

The present paper aims at investigating how changes in canopy structure and species physiology associated with the abandonment of mountain meadows and pastures affect their net photosynthesis. For this purpose, a multi-layer vegetation–atmosphere transfer (VAT) model is employed, which explicitly takes into account the structural and functional properties of the various canopy components and species. Three sites differing in land use are investigated, a meadow, a pasture and an abandoned area. Model simulations agree reasonably with measured canopy net photosynthetic rates, the meadow featuring the highest daily net photosynthesis, followed by the pasture and, finally, the abandoned area. A detailed process analysis suggests this ranking to be mainly due to bulk canopy physiology, which decreases from the meadow to the pasture and the abandoned area, reflecting species composition and species-specific photosynthetic capacities. Differences between the canopies with regard to canopy structure are found to be of minor importance. The amounts of green, photosynthetically active plant matter are too similar at the three sites to be a major source of variation in net photosynthesis. Large differences exist between the canopies with regard to the amount of photosynthetically inactive phytoelements. Even though a model analysis showed them to be potentially important, most of them are accumulated close to the ground surface, where they exert little influence on canopy net photosynthesis.     

原子吸收分光光度法测定植株中钙、镁的几种样品前处理方法的比较

本文比较了原子吸收分光光度法测定植株中钙、镁的三种样品前处理方法：干友化法、１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ振荡提取法（振荡法）和１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ静止浸泡提取法（浸泡法）．结果表明，振荡法和浸泡法对钙的测定结果平均分别为干灰化法的１０１％和９２．０％，对镁的测定结果平均分别为１０３％和９７．６％．振荡法和浸泡法与干灰化法之间不存在显著性差异（α＝０．０５），它们之间有极显著的正相关性（相关系数在０．９９以上）．因此，在大批量样品的常规分析中，１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ提取法可代替干灰化法．