南方某幼儿园儿童尿液中菲单羟基代谢物浓度分析

为了解我国南方某城市儿童尿液中单羟基菲的含量,于2007年11月采集该市一幼儿园80名4-6岁儿童尿样。尿液经过酶解、固相萃取(SPE)富集、净化,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测,共检测出4种单羟基菲,且以9-羟基菲为主。除4-羟基菲的检出率为53.75％外,其余单羟基菲的检出率近乎100％。各单羟基菲的中位数分别为...     

响应面法优化MAP沉淀去除回收尿液中磷的研究

基于模拟尿液的组成特点,利用Box-Behnken Design实验及响应面法对磷酸铵镁(MAP)沉淀去除回收尿液磷过程中反应pH值、Mg²⁺与PO₄^3-物质的量比(Mg/P比)及Ca²⁺与PO₄^3-物质的量比(Ca/P比)3个重要影响因素(分别表示为X₁、X₂、X₃)及各因素之间的交互式影响进行考察,并利用SEM、FTIR、ICP和XRD表征手段分析结晶沉淀组成和晶形特征.实验结果表明,回归方程中X₁、X₂、X₃、X₁X₃、X₂X₃、X₁²、X²₂、X₃²对磷去除率影响显著;当反应pH值和Mg/P比范围分别在8.5~9.5和1.0~1.2之间时,磷去除率响应值能达到99%.产物表征结果表明,模拟尿液中K⁺和Na⁺对结晶干扰较小;当Ca²⁺的浓度相对较低(Ca/P比小于0.25)时,沉淀中MAP的纯度高于85%,晶体形状大部分为斜方形;当Ca²⁺的浓度相对较高(Ca/P比大于0.25)时,沉淀中的MAP下降明显,晶体形状开始不规则,杂质增多;当模拟尿液中Ca/P比为0.5时,MAP纯度仅有约70%.     

冀东某县农村养殖粪污处理环境风险与对策研究

生猪养殖粪污是农村面源污染来源之一,冀东某县是河北省养猪大县,养殖产生的粪污主要采用能源生态处理方式进行处理与利用,在养殖粪污的现有利用方式中,存在土壤中重金属积累风险、粪便中病菌抗生素风险、生猪散养的环境风险.针对冀东某县生猪养殖粪污处理利用存在的环境风险,对规模化养殖场采用粪便堆肥发酵制有机肥工艺进行处理利用;散养型粪污,依托规模化养殖场进行处理利用;政府依据种养结合的原则,制定养殖规划,确定养殖规模,建立制度化管理,保护农村环境.     

Keep swimming but stop peeing in the pools

正Swimming is excellent exercise and offers many health benefits.However,the"chlorine smell"in swimming pools may be a turn-off for some people.Although this smell is often thought to be of chlorine,it actually comes from volatile compounds that are produced from unintended reactions between disinfectants(e.g.,chlorine)and organic matter in     

Detection of Y chromosome-specific DNA in the plasma and urine of pregnant women using nested polymerase chain reaction

The present study was undertaken to evaluate a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Y chromosome-specific fetal DNA in maternal plasma and urine of pregnant women during different gestational stages. DNA isolated from plasma and urine samples of 80 pregnant women (between 7 and 40 weeks' gestation) underwent amplification for Y chromosome-specific 198 bp DNA by nested PCR. The postpartum analysis of fetal gender showed that 55 women carried male and 25 female fetuses. Among the 55 women bearing male fetuses, Y chromosome-specific signals were detected in 53 (96%) plasma and 21 (38%) urine samples. Moreover, out of 25 women bearing female fetuses, 3 (12%) and 1 (4%) women had Y chromosome-specific signal in plasma and urine, respectively. Analysis of results with respect to gestational age revealed that there was no significant difference in the detection of Y chromosome-specific DNA between different trimesters in maternal plasma of women bearing male fetuses. These results showed that fetus-specific DNA was detected with high sensitivity (96%) and specificity (88%) in the maternal plasma by nested PCR, and therefore the method could be useful as a non-invasive procedure for fetal sex determination and prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用好氧硝化颗粒污泥SBR处理分离尿液的研究

在不同接种污泥条件下的序批式活性污泥系统（sequencing batch reactor, SBR）中,研究了分离尿液（source-separated urine, SSU)的处理情况和污泥特性.在硝化污泥接种的SBR中,对SSU中的可生化降解有机物具有较高的去除效率,而对其中氨氮的硝化效率很低,系统中没有出现生物体聚集状态的污泥.在用实验室内培养的好氧颗粒污泥接种的SBR系统中,对SSU不仅有较高的有机物去除效率,同时还可以有效实现氨氮的硝化过程,经过约70 d的运行之后,系统中出现了稳定状态的生物聚集体——好氧硝化颗粒污泥,氨氮容积负荷以氮计算为0.5 kg/（m³·d）.好氧硝化颗粒污泥具有良好的沉降效果和活性,颗粒表面聚集着硝化杆菌和球菌.好氧硝化颗粒污泥的粒径比接种的好氧颗粒污泥的粒径有较明显的减少,沉降速率却比相同粒径的好氧颗粒污泥有较大的改善.好氧硝化颗粒污泥对SSU中有机物和氨氮的转化效率都在90％以上,有效地保证了反应器中较小生长速率的硝化细菌的数量并实现系统的稳定运行.     

颗粒活性炭吸附去除尿中药活性化合物（PhACs）

研究了多组分背景下2种煤质颗粒状活性炭D1220、R08S对人尿中4种药活性化合物（PhACs）（1 mg/L）——苯扎贝特（BEZ）、卡马西平（CAR）、布洛芬（IBU）和美托洛尔（MET）——的吸附去除。结果表明,D1220（R08S）对4种PhAC的吸附均符合Freundlich等温式,均为优惠吸附;D1220（R08S）对各PhAC的吸附作用强弱顺序为BEZ〉CAR〉MET〉IBU（BEZ〉CAR〉IBU〉MET）;PhACs平衡浓度小于3.01（0.91）μg/L时,D1220（R08S）对4种PhACs中的BEZ的吸附性能最好,平衡浓度大于3.01（1.93）μg/L时,D1220（R08S）则对MET的吸附性能最好;活性炭投加量为2 g/L时,D1220（R08S）对4种PhAC的去除率均在88%以上;总体吸附性能D1220优于R08S。     

人尿中痕量铜的分光光度测定

本文采用自己合成的水溶性卟啉Ｔ（４－ＴＡＰ）Ｐ作试剂，在ｐＨ４５，盐酸羟胺存在下，建立了一种测定人尿中痕量铜的分光光度法，操作简便，结果准确，令人满意。