隔声窗隔声性能的现场监测方法及效果初探

采用隔声窗作为典型道路的交通噪声控制措施,探索隔声性能的现场监测方法。分别选取真空玻璃窗与中空玻璃窗进行监测,两种隔声窗对交通噪声1000 Hz 和2000 Hz 两个倍频带的隔声量最大,真空玻璃隔声窗对500 Hz 倍频带及以下的噪声比中空玻璃隔声窗更有效,如果采用两种隔声窗进行组合,在全频带的隔声量达到25 dB。     

太原汾河景区跨桥断面水体污染的时空变化模式研究

选取太原汾河景区跨桥断面8个监测点,在2012年3月—2013年10月期间对河流8项水质参数进行监测,并结合派生的水体综合污染指数及主成分分析方法分析和评价景区水污染时空变化特征。结果表明,景区水质污染变化时空差异明显,上游污染相对较小,下游污染较重;春季溶解氧和p H值变化幅度最大,夏季除总氮和氨氮外,其他各污染物均有显著变化特征,秋季则以氨氮、总氮和总磷变化最为显著。主成分分析结果显示,虽然各监测点水体污染的关键影响因子不同,但总磷是太原市河流水体污染的共同解释因子。     

杭州主城区大气臭氧对空气污染指数API的影响

利用2004年至2007年空气污染监测数据,比较现行API指数和修正后API指数的差异,分析修正后O3污染的变化状况,研究O3污染的季节变化。结果表明,O3作为一种新的空气污染指标,对修正后API指数的影响很大。与现行API指数相比,4年来修正后API指数的污染率大幅度增加,并且各季节的污染率越来越接近,2007年污染率在25%左右。2007年各季节修正后API指数污染天数中O3污染天数所占百分比分别是春季为52%、夏季91.6%、秋季20.8%、冬季O3,未出现污染。     

高喷插芯组合群桩竖向承载特性的数值分析

高喷插芯组合桩(简称JPP)是一种新型的复合材料桩,具有承载力高、造价低等优点。利用岩土工程专业软件FLAC3D对JPP群桩竖向承载特性进行了数值模拟分析,讨论了桩数、桩间距、桩长、不同组合形式、不同水泥土弹性模量等对竖向承载特性的影响。结果表明:承载力随着桩数的增加而减小,但16根群桩与25根群桩的承载力相差不多,16根群桩承载力可以代表16根以上群桩的承载力;桩间距越大,承载力越小,桩间距宜采用3倍的JPP组合桩径或4倍的芯桩桩径;承载力随着桩长的增加而增加;分段组合形式承载力效果较好,实际工程施工中宜采用之;水泥土弹性模量对竖向位移没有影响,但水泥土弹性模量越大,芯桩轴力越小。     

基于层次分析法的有毒作业场所职业危害程度分级指标研究

我国目前职业危害形势依然严峻,急、慢性职业中毒案例时有发生。对可能引起急、慢性职业中毒的有毒作业场所,按照其职业危害严重程度实施分级、分重点监管,成为我国职业危害监管工作需要解决的迫切需求。实施有毒作业场所分级监管的关键,是确定合理的分级指标,从而将有毒作业场所区分开。本文应用层次分析法,对有毒作业场所的各项评价指标进行分析,并最终确定毒物浓度超标倍数作为最终的分级指标,从而为制定有毒作业场所分级标准,开展有毒作业场所分级监管提供科学的依据。     

地震灾害综合应急能力评估研究

汶川大地震在给我国带来巨大的悲痛和损失的同时,也检验了我国政府的突发事件应急能力。此次抗震救灾凸显出我国地震灾害应急能力存在的一些不足。建立“突发事件综合应急能力评估指标体系”的目的是为了评估政府的突发事件应急能力,以评促建。地震灾害由于其不同于其它突发事件的特性,其应急管理也有其特定的内容。现以地震灾害特征为标准,选取13个省市为样本,套用已有评估指标体系,分析和评估我国地震灾害应急能力。研究认为,我国应加强地震灾害应急能力建设,同时认为已有评估指标体系能满足使用要求。     

226Ra, 232Th and 40K analysis in soil samples from some areas of Malwa region, Punjab, India using gamma ray spectrometry

The activity concentrations of soil samples collected from thirty different locations of Malwa region of Punjab were determined by using HPGe detector based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system. The range of activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in the soil from the studied areas varies from 18.37 Bq kg⁻¹ (Sangrur) to 53.11 Bq kg⁻¹ (Sitoguno), 57.28 Bq kg⁻¹ (Dhanola) to 148.28 Bq kg⁻¹ (Sitoguno) and 211.13 Bq kg⁻¹ (Sunam) to 413.27 Bq kg⁻¹ (Virk Khera) with overall mean values of 35 Bq kg⁻¹, 80 Bq kg⁻¹and 317 Bq kg⁻¹ respectively. The absorbed dose rate calculated from activity concentration of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K ranges between 8.47 and 24.48, 35.68 and 92.38, and 8.74 and 17.11 nGy h⁻¹, respectively. The total absorbed dose in the study area ranges from 58.08 nGy h⁻¹ to 130.85 nGy h⁻¹ with an average value of 79.11 nGy h⁻¹. The calculated values of external hazard index (H_ex) for the soil samples of the study area range from 0.35 to 0.79. Since these values are lower than unity, therefore, according to the Radiation Protection 112 (European Commission. Radiation Protection 112 1999) report, soil from these regions is safe and can be used as a construction material without posing any significant radiological threat to population.     

Influence of urbanization and tourist activities on the water quality of the Potrero de los Funes River (San Luis – Argentina)

A study of the water quality of the Potrero de los Funes River (San Luis – Argentina) was carried out in order to evaluate the possible effect of the anthropogenic activities on the river developed in the homonymous town. Samples were collected during the period March 2000–November 2005 at three selected sampling sites (RP₁, RP₂ and RP₃). Different physicochemical and bacteriological parameters (turbidity, pH, conductivity, suspended solids, alkalinity, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), dissolved oxygen, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and total heterotrophic bacteria) were analysed according to the Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. When comparing the values of total coliforms, E. coli, total heterotrophic bacteria, COD, BOD₅ and phosphates from the zone without anthropogenic influence (RP₁) and the urban zones (RP₂ and RP₃) an important variation in the parameters was observed. These results indicate that the urban activity produces a serious and negative effect on the water quality, thus constituting a sanitary risk and may have a major impact on the trophic status of the Potrero de los Funes dam. As case study, we report on the use of General Quality Index (GQI) to evaluate spatial and seasonal changes in the water quality of Potrero de los Funes River. Results revealed a significant degradation of the water quality at RP₂ and RP₃.     

战略环境评价系统及工作程序

介绍了战略环境评价系统组成的五个要素 ,即评价者、评价对象、评价目的、评价标准和评价方法 ,分析了其相互关系及各要素与战略环境评价系统的关系 ,并提出了战略环境评价工作程序。     

基于信息扩散理论的地震风险评估

利用基于信息扩散理论的风险评估方法 ,对地震灾害进行了风险分析。该方法简单易行 ,分析结果意义清楚 ,对防灾抗灾具有一定的指导作用。