零价铁法处理含EDTA-Cu(Ⅱ)废水

为了探索含络合铜电镀废水的处理新方法,以废铁屑为材料,研究其去除EDTA-Cu(Ⅱ)的有效性和作用机制。对铁屑进行XRD表征的结果表明,铁屑中含有零价铁和少量碳,实验发现,铁屑对Cu(Ⅱ)和EDTA能同步去除,90 min的去除率分别达到93.51%,52.55%,且降低了体系的生物毒性,提高了生物降解性。对反应机制进行探讨,结果表明铁屑以直接还原、沉淀吸附和微电解作用实现对EDTA-Cu(Ⅱ)的有效去除。     

柠檬酸对3种常见水产病原菌的抑菌作用

选用嗜水气单胞菌、副溶血弧菌、荧光假单胞菌3种常见水产病原菌,用于测定柠檬酸的抑菌效果及最小抑菌浓度,并研究了柠檬酸抑菌作用的持续性。3种菌均为革兰氏阴性菌。试验结果表明,柠檬酸对3种菌都有不同程度的抑菌作用,并得到最小抑菌浓度,依次是:0.0011g/mL,0.0008g/mL,0.00125g/mL;在最小浓度下抑菌作用可达6d之久,柠檬酸抑菌效果有较好的持续性。     

上海市大气颗粒物生物毒性及二噁英呼吸暴露风险评价

使用Vibrio fischeri发光细菌法,评价了工业区和居民区大气颗粒物悬浮液的细菌毒性,并对颗粒物暴露后的老鼠毒性效应进行了分析和讨论;应用HRGC-HRMS研究了工业区大气中二噁英浓度水平及组分特征,并在此基础上开展了二噁英呼吸暴露风险评价.结果显示：工业区大气颗粒物的细菌毒性要明显高于居民区,表明急性毒性结果与局地污染排放密切相关;不同粒径分布的大气颗粒物细菌毒性结果产生显著差异,证明毒性成分主要吸附在较细粒径的颗粒物上.强有力的证据表明,颗粒物暴露后的肺组织病理损伤与氧化性自由基过量产生有关,因此与自由基相关的毒理机制可作为下一步深入研究的路径.4个采样点主动采样、被动采样和大气沉降样品二噁英浓度范围分别为0.034~1.29pg/m³、0.031~0.103pg/m³和0.226~4.67pg/（m²·d）,平均值分别为0.366pg/m³、0.063pg/m³和1.82pg/（m²·d）;优势组分分别为2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF、1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF和1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF,2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD、2,3,7,8-TCDD和2,3,7,8-TCDF,2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD、2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF和1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF.成人和儿童呼吸暴露量最大值分别为9.74×10^-2pg/（kg·d）和1.28×10^-1pg/（kg·d）,均低于0.4pg/（kg·d）（呼吸进入人体的每日允许摄入量）,表明暴露风险处于可接受水平.     

Acute toxicity assessment of drinking water source with luminescent bacteria: Impact of environmental conditions and a case study in Luoma Lake,East China

• Acute toxicity assessment was conducted in Luoma lake watershed, East China. • Impacts of environmental factors on the toxicity testing was fully evaluated. • Dissolve oxygen had a weak positive correlation with luminescence inhibition rate. Protecting the quality of lake watersheds by preventing and reducing their contamination is an effective approach to ensure the sustainability of the drinking water supply. In this study, acute toxicity assessment was conducted on the basis of acute bioluminescence inhibition assay using the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri as the test organism and Luoma Lake drinking water source in East China as the research target. The suitable ranges of environmental factors, including pH value, organic matter, turbidity, hardness, and dissolved oxygen of water samples were evaluated for the toxicity testing of bioluminescent bacteria. The physicochemical characteristics of water samples at the selected 43 sites of Luoma Lake watershed were measured. Results showed that the variations in pH value (7.31–8.41), hardness (5–20 °d) and dissolved oxygen (4.44–11.03 mg/L) of Luoma Lake and its main inflow and outflow rivers had negligible impacts on the acute toxicity testing of V. fischeri. The luminescence inhibition rates ranged from -11.21% to 10.80% at the 43 sites. Pearson’s correlation analysis in the experiment revealed that temperature, pH value, hardness, and turbidity had no correlation with luminescence inhibition rate, whereas dissolved oxygen showed a weak statistically positive correlation with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.455 (p<0.05).     

病原性海洋弧菌快速检测方法的研究进展

病原性海洋弧菌检测在海水养殖病害发现、防治、无公害水产品生产及卫生质量检验中均具有重要意义。本文综述了目前国内外关于海洋弧菌的各种检测方法、原理、应用及其研究进展，重点介绍了免疫学和分子生物学检测技术，因为其具有快速、准确等特点而被经常使用，尤其是ELISA和PCR检测技术已由实验室研究阶段步人了商品化的应用阶段。     

Screening organic micropollutants in surface waters by SPE extraction and ecotoxicological testing

Complex mixtures of toxic substances occurring in surface waters are difficult to characterise by chemical analyses because each compound occurs at a very low concentration and requires a specific analytical method to be identified. Ecotoxicological tests on water extracts can be used as a screening tool to evaluate quickly and simply the overall quality of a water body with regard to micropollutant contamination. In this work, a pre-concentration procedure based on solid-phase extraction (SPE), suitable for both biological testing and analytical determination, is proposed. The extraction procedure is an improved version of a methodology used to evaluate the toxicity of organic micropollutants occurring in surface waters. It offers the advantage of using disposable commercial cartridges, which are easier to manage than the columns prepared with macromolecular resins. Water extracts from two representative Italian rivers, characterised by a different gradient of potential contamination and prepared according to the new concentration techniques, are used. The acute toxicity of the water extracts is tested on Daphnia magna and the bioluminescence inhibition in Vibrio fischeri. Criteria based on the concentration factor (CF) are proposed for assessing the hazard to aquatic life due to the exposure to toxic substances in surface waters. The aim of hazard ranking is to focus analytical efforts towards those samples that show the highest toxic potential.     

舟山市海洋贝类生物体内的细菌学研究

对浙江省舟山市各区县海洋贝类体内细菌数量及优势细菌种类进行了初步研究。根据2004年8月的采样和实验室分析,结果表明,贝类生物体内的优势种为少动鞘氨醇单胞菌、温和气单胞菌、欧文氏菌属等,一些能够诱发疾病的如杀鲑气单胞菌、溶藻弧菌、腐败假单胞菌等的出现应当引起重视。对生物体内的细菌数量检测发现,弧菌和粪大肠菌群数量都比较高,弧菌的测值范围为50个/克~1.8×104个/克,几何平均为9.3×102个/克;粪大肠菌群的测值范围为2.0~23个/克,几何平均为12.0个/克,超国家海洋生物体内粪大肠菌群二类标准,超标率为91.7%。     

Effectiveness evaluation of glyphosate oxidation employing the H2O2/UVC process: Toxicity assays with Vibrio fischeri and Rhinella arenarum tadpoles

The H₂O₂/UVC process was applied to the photodegradation of a commercial formulation of glyphosate in water. Two organisms (Vibrio fischeri bacteria and Rhinella arenarum tadpoles) were used to investigate the toxicity of glyphosate in samples M_1, M₂, and M₃ following different photodegradation reaction times (120, 240 and 360 min, respectively) that had differing amounts of residual H₂O₂. Subsamples of M₁, M₂, and M₃ were then used to create samples M_1,E, M_2,E and M_3,E in which the H₂O₂ had been removed. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured in tadpoles to determine possible sub-lethal effects. In V. fischeri, M_1,E, which was collected early in the photodegradation process, caused 52% inhibition, while M_3,E, which was collected at the end of the photodegradation process, caused only 17% inhibition. Survival of tadpoles was 100% in samples M₂, M₃, and in M_1,E, M_2,E and M_3,E. The lowest percentages of enzymatic inhibition were observed in samples without removal of H₂O₂: 13.96% (AChE) and 16% (BChE) for M₂, and 24.12% (AChE) and 13.83% (BChE) for M₃. These results show the efficiency of the H₂O₂/UVC process in reducing the toxicity of water or wastewater polluted by commercial formulations of glyphosate. According to the ecotoxicity assays, the conditions corresponding to M₂ (11 ± 1 mg a.e. L^?1 glyphosate and 11 ± 1 mg L^?1 H₂O₂) could be used as a final point for glyphosate treatment with the H₂O₂/UV process.