信号控制交叉口行人过街等待时间研究

为保护行人过街时的安全及减少行人违章行为,通过分析行人过街的等待规律,构建了信号控制行人过街等待的生存分析方法。对上海市典型交叉口的行人过街等待行为的观测及分析,得到了行人等待的生存曲线,建立了行人违章危险度随行人自身及环境因素影响的COX风险回归模型。结果表明:行人在路边等待过街最大可忍受等待时间为90s,在中间安全岛的最大可忍受等待时间仅为50s;行人等待时间与行人年龄、红灯时间、穿越车道数、冲突方向车流量、是否二次过街相关,与行人性别无关;合理的交叉口设计和信号控制能提高行人的遵章率、降低违章危险度。笔者建议:信号控制交叉口行人红灯时间不超过90s,行人在安全岛最大等待时间不超过50s。     

Measuring and Monitoring Illegal Use of Natural Resources

Abstract: Illegal use of natural resources is a threat to biodiversity globally, but research on illegal activities has methodological challenges. We examined 100 studies that empirically identify targeted resources, techniques used to procure resources illegally, locations of illegal activities, characteristics of typical violators, incentives driving illegal use of resources, magnitude of the problem of illegal use (e.g., quantities used), or frequency of illegal activity. We based our evaluation of the methods used in these studies on their ability to provide these empirical data, relative labor demands, training and technology requirements, and levels of uncontrollable bias. We evaluated eight different methods: law‐enforcement records, indirect observation, self‐reporting, direct observation, direct questioning, randomized response technique (a survey method designed to improve accuracy of responses to sensitive questions), forensics, and modeling. Different situations favored different methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Six context‐specific factors—location of resource use (in situ vs. ex situ), budget, technology and training capacity, ease of detection of illegal activity, scope of illegal activity (limited vs. widespread), and researchers’ willingness to accept bias in results—help narrow the choice of methods. Several methodological concerns applied to any study of illegal resource use: regular monitoring can detect trends; modeling can incorporate sampling error and data uncertainties; researchers must manage levels of bias that vary between methods; triangulation of results from multiple methods can improve accuracy. No method is a panacea, but a combination of techniques can help address the lack of data on illegal activity. Researchers empirically compared results from different methods in only four studies, and no one has compared more than two methods simultaneously. Conservation would benefit from more research focused on: methods comparisons that include cost effectiveness, time efficiency, and statistical rigor; unique applications of the eight techniques currently in use; and testing of new methods.     

违章的成因分析及控制对策研究

分析了违章的内涵、违章与事故间的关系以及违章产生的原因,并有针对性地提出了违章的控制对策。     

违章行为与心理因素分析

据统计,“三违”是安全生产事故的主要罪魁祸首。分析众多事故的原因,无外乎是由人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态造成的,而物的不安全状态归根到底也是人的因素造成的。违章行为是“三违”的表现,它不仅与安全意识淡薄、安全观念落后、安全文化素质及安全生产管理水平低下等因素有关,更重要的原因是人的心理因素,职工的心理隐患是不安全行为的潜在帮凶。研究人的心理因素对违章行为的影响,寻找出一套强化安全心理素质、调整心理因素的方法,对于提高职工的安全意识,杜绝违章行为,减少伤亡事故,保护人民群众的健康和生命财产安全,具有重要现实意义和指导意义的。     

侥幸心理存在原因之探讨

简要分析了侥幸心理在生产作业中存在的类型和现象,并从作业过程中人为差错模式中指出了侥幸心理存在的原因,期望能在生产中杜绝由侥幸心理而导致的违章现象。     

The more I want,the less I have left to give: The moderating role of psychological entitlement on the relationship between psychological contract violation,depressive mood states,and citizenship behavior

Research has emphasized the negative effects of organizations' broken promises and failed obligations on employee attitudes and behaviors. However, not all employees respond in the same manner. This paper integrates research on psychological contracts and psychological entitlement to examine how individuals with exceedingly high demands and expectations react to a perceived letdown by the organization. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we argue that a psychological contract violation is associated with employee depressive mood states, which, in turn, influence the amount of citizenship behavior displayed. We further posit that psychological entitlement moderates the link between contract violation and depressive mood states. Using Hayes' PROCESS macro to assess a moderated mediation model, findings from a multi‐source field study support our predictions. This research contributes to the work on psychological contracts and psychological entitlement on multiple fronts. Suggestions for future research and practical implications for managers are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机组资源管理与飞行不安全行为关系的研究

通过对89起机组为主要原因的运输飞行事故征候进行分析,以卡方分析探讨CRM失效与飞行机组的不安全行为之间具有很强的关联性,即飞行机组沟通不当、情景意识削弱或丧失、不当决策与决策差错之间,机组沟通不当与违规之间显著关联;而且,这几方面的CRM失效正确预测对应飞行不安全行为的比例介于9.4%～43.8%之间,达到显著水平。研究以定量化的方式揭示出机组资源管理技能与飞行不安全行为之间的内部关系模式。也就是说,机组沟通不当、情景意识下降或丧失、决策过程不当与其决策错误显著关联,沟通不当与机组违规显著关联。研究结果对于CRM训练设计与制订飞行不安全行为干预策略具有应用价值。     

外卖配送公共交通违法行为影响因素分析

通过问卷调查研究外卖配送公共交通违法行为影响因素，将外卖配送员分为曾经发生过和未发生过公共交通违法行为2组样本。通过Logistic回归对比分析，发现影响外卖配送员是否会发生公共交通违法行为的因素为平均每月送餐收入和平均每单配送距离；接着对其中发生过公共交通违法行为的1组样本，运用灰色关联分析法判断外卖配送员发生公共交通违法行为的主要驱动因素是平均每日接单数量、平均每月送餐收入以及平均每单配送时长，并根据影响因素提出了解决该问题的针对性长期建议。