大辽河水系表层沉积物中石油烃和多环芳烃的分布及来源

对大辽河水系的3条干流浑河、太子河和大辽河表层沉积物中石油烃(PHs)和多环芳烃(PAHs)分析表明,PHs总量分布范围为61.37～229.42 μg·g-1,PAHs总量分布范围为61.9～840.5 ng·g-1.石油烃含量远远高于已报道的世界其它河流和海洋沉积物中的含量,表明大辽河水系沉积物石油烃污染严重;而与世界其它河流和海洋地区相比,多环芳烃污染水平相对偏低.石油烃分布特征为太子河＞浑河＞大辽河;多环芳烃分布特征为大辽河＞太子河＞浑河.烃污染来源诊断表明,石油烃污染以陆源植物和人为污染输入为主,多环芳烃污染以石油燃烧热解为主,工业和生活污水是烃污染的主要来源.     

长江武汉段水体中多环芳烃的分布及来源分析

对长江武汉段干流7个站点、支流和湖泊23个站点的水相、悬浮颗粒相和沉积相样品中的多环芳烃进行了分析测定.结果表明,水相中多环芳烃总量的变化范围为0.242～6.235μg·L-1沉积相中的变化范围为31-4812μg·L-1悬浮颗粒相中多环芳烃含量的平均值为4677μg·L-1,含量高于沉积物.长江武汉段与国内其它河流多环芳烃污染水平相当,比国外一些河流多环芳烃的污染水平要高.沉积相中多环芳烃的含量与颗粒物中总有机碳(TOC)含量呈显著正相关.污染来源分析表明,多环芳烃主要由化石燃料、木材等的燃烧所引起,污染来源为燃烧源.在干流白沙洲和支流墨水湖的水相中检出了苯并(a)芘,且含量超出了国家饮用水标准.沉积物中PAHs对周围生物存在潜在的毒性效应,但不会引起急性毒性效应.     

硝基多环芳烃致突变性构效关系研究

应用逐步判别分析法，对８０种硝基多环芳烃致突变性构效关系进行了研究，７２个训练样本判别回代符合率为９０．２８％，８例预测样本正确分类率为１００％，累计正确分类率达９１．２５％。     

金的野外现场快速分析

利用甲基异丁基酮的易挥发性 ,从富集了金的磷酸三丁酯—甲基异丁基酮组合萃取剂中自然挥发除去甲基异丁基酮后 ,使金高度富集在不易挥发的磷酸三丁脂少量有机相中。加入硫代米蚩酮显色剂 ,可以野外现场目视比色测定金。方法的精密度 (RSD ,n =10 ) <9%。     

臭氧氧化含油地下水实验研究

根据淄博市受石油污染的地下水的水化学类型确定单纯臭氧氧化方法，并利用现场动态实验确定臭氧化除油的最佳臭氧投加量８．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，实验表明在最佳运行状况下，臭氧化对地下水中油类物质的去除率参达到５９．０％左右。同时采用色－质联机方法，分析了臭氧化单元进出不中有机物质组分的变化，有机物种类由进水的２５种减少为出水的１７种，并有易生物降解的中间产物积累，为后续生物活性炭处理工艺提供条件。     

Electrochemical reduction characteristics and the mechanism of chlorinated hydrocarbons at the copper electrode

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of chlorinated hydrocarbons were investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique. The reduction mechanism and activity of the chlorinated hydrocarbons at the copper electrode were explored. The relationship between the structure of chlorinated hydrocarbons and their reductive activity were discussed. The experimental results showed that chlorinated alkanes and a portion of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons could be reduced directly at the copper electrode. However, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons were not easy to reduce at the copper electrode. The results provided a theoretical basis for the catalyzed iron inner electrolysis method. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(4): 51–54 [译自: 环境科学]     

应用稳定碳同位素组成特征研究环境空气颗粒物中多环芳烃的来源

采集了乌鲁木齐市与郑州市非采暖季的环境空气颗粒物 ,用二氯甲烷做溶剂提取、硅胶柱层分离出多环芳烃样品 .用气相色谱 /燃烧系统 /同位素质谱测定了多环芳烃单化合物的稳定碳同位素组成 .结果表明 :这 2个城市的TSP与PM10 中多环芳烃单化合物稳定碳同位素组成相比较没有明显的区别 ;两城市的颗粒物样品中 ,分子量较小菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘和苯并 (e)芘的稳定碳同位素组成没有明显的区别 ,平均值范围为 - 2 3 4‰～ - 2 4 8‰ ,分子量较大的多环芳烃的δ13 C出现了明显差异 ,乌鲁木齐市环境空气颗粒物中多环芳烃单化合物的δ13 C随着其分子量的增大比郑州市更贫13 C ,乌鲁木齐市的环境空气颗粒物中的苯并 (a)芘、茚并 (1,2 ,3 cd)芘、苯并 (ghi)的δ13 C值分别为 - 2 8 3‰、- 31 8‰和 - 30 2‰ ,郑州市为 - 2 4 4‰、- 2 9 4‰和 - 2 6 3‰ .结合对两城市燃煤量和机动车拥有量的对比分析 ,本研究认为 :在非采暖季 ,这两个城市环境空气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染主要是以煤的炭化、气化、燃烧以及机动车尾气为主的复合型污染 ,而机动车尾气...     

含单环芳香烃废水的超声降解实验研究

利用超声波译水体中的单环芳香烃降解进行探索性试验。结果表明，超声辐照７０ｍｉｎ，含单环芳香烃废水的降解规律基本遵循一级反应动力学；超声辐照９０ｍｉｎ，初始浓度为２．２９５～１４．５７ｍｇ／Ｌ的含苯废水，却除率可达到９９％以上。     

Behavior of PAHs during cold storage of historically contaminated soil samples

The stability of historically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils during cold storage was investigated. Samples from two former manufactured gas plants exhibited quantitative recoveries of PAHs over the whole period of sample holding at 4 °C in the dark (8–10 months), whereas significant losses of PAHs were observed for soils received from a former railroad sleeper preservation plant with low molecular weight compounds being notably more affected compared to heavier PAHs. Already after 2 weeks of holding time, 3-ring PAHs in one of theses samples were down to 29–73% of the initial concentration and significant losses were observed for up to 5-ring compounds. Dissipation of PAHs was found to be predominantly due to aerobic microbial metabolism since sodium azide poisoned samples showed quantitative recoveries for all PAHs over the entire storage time of 3 months. A similar stabilizing effect was observed for freezing at −20 °C as means of preservation. Except for acenaphthene, no significant loss for any of the PAHs was observed over 6 weeks of holding time. Eventually, selected chemical, physical, and biological parameters of two soils were investigated and identified as potential indicators for the stability of PAH-contaminated soil samples.     

Assessment of interfacial mass transfer in water-unsaturated soils during vapor extraction

This paper presents results of a numerical investigation of soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems at the laboratory scale. The SVE technique is used to remove volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHC) from the water-unsaturated soil zone. The developed numerical model solves equations of flow, transport and interfacial mass transfer regarding an isothermal n-component and three-phase system. The mathematical model is based on a simple pore network and phase distribution model and designed to be scaled by a characteristic length. All mathematical expressions are structured into VCHC specific and VCHC non-specific parameters. Furthermore, indicators are introduced that help to separate thermodynamic equilibrium from thermodynamic non-equilibrium domains and to determine the controlling physical parameters. For numerical solution, the system of partial differential equations is discretized by a finite volume method and an implicit Euler time stepping scheme. Computational effort is reduced notably through techniques that enable spatial and temporal adaptivity, through a standard multigrid method as well as through a problem-oriented sparse-matrix storage concept. Computations are carried out in two dimensions regarding the laboratory experiment of Fischer et al. [Water Resour. Res. 32 (12) 1996 3413]. By varying the characteristic length scale of the pore network and phase distribution model, it is shown that the experimental gas phase concentrations cannot be explained only by the volatility and diffusivity of the VCHC. The computational results suggest a sorption process whose significance grows with the aqueous activity of the less or non-polar organic compounds.