农业土壤危险废物污染的风险管理

从环境风险管理出发,探讨危险废物对农业土壤污染的途径,提出土壤危险废物污染的风险管理内容和方法,初步建立辽宁省农业土壤危险废物污染的预警指标体系。     

大气CO2浓度升高对农田生态系统的影响

自由大气CO2浓度升高(简称FACE,即Free A ir CO2Enrichment)对陆地生态系统的影响是全球变化研究中的一个热点。综述了FACE条件下,农田土壤植物生物量质量变化和土壤微生物对植物的反馈作用,以及土壤痕量气体排放的趋势变化。     

Preparation of rare-earth metal complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the most promising technologies for pollution abatement. Developing catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial for the application of the CWAO process. The Mn/Ce complex oxide catalysts for CWAO of high concentration phenol-containing wastewater were prepared by coprecipitation. The catalyst preparation conditions were optimized by using an orthogonal layout method and single-factor experimental analysis. The Mn/Ce serial catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and the metal cation leaching was measured by inductively coupled plasma torch-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the catalysts have high catalytic activities even at a low temperature (80°C) and low oxygen partial pressure (0.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The metallic ion leaching is comparatively low (Mn<6.577 mg/L and Ce<0.6910 mg/L, respectively) in the CWAO process. The phenol, COD_Cr, and TOC removal efficiencies in the solution exceed 98.5% using the optimal catalyst (named CSP). The new catalyst would have a promising application in CWAO treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2005, 6(2): 40–44 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

Pyrolysis of rice husk and sawdust for liquid fuel

The paper is focused on studying how to convert rice husk and sawdust into liquid fuel. Rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were pyrolyzed at the temperature between 420℃ and 540℃, and the main product of liquid fuel was obtained. The experimental result showed that the yield of liquid fuel heavily depended on the kind of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. In the experiments, the maximum liquid yields for rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were 56% at 465 ℃, 61% at 490℃ and 60% at 475℃ respectively. Analysis with GC-MS and other apparatus indicated that the liquid fuel is a complicated organic compound with low caloric value and can be directly used as fuel oil without any up-grading. As a crude oil, the liquid fuel can be refined to be vehicle oil.     

猪场粪便微生物处理技术研究

猪场粪便是重要污染源，但又是一类尚未充分利用的资源。采用生态工程与资源化综合技术处理猪场粪便，固态粪经堆肥发酵后转化成优质有机肥，粪水经厌氧产沼、光合细菌液肥化、水生植物氧化塘多级处理和资源化利用，出水可达排放标准，为猪场粪便的处置提供了一种可供选用的技术。     

硫代磷酸二乙酯加热水解的研究

在二升高压釜中,氮气氛条件下研究了有机磷农药废水的主要污染物质——硫代磷酸二乙酯(浓度为100ppm)的水解动力学.运用气相色谱法,在pH2—4,温度140—190℃范围,得到不同条件下的一级反应速率常数k,获得pH、温度与反应速率常数的关系,并对硫化磷酸二乙酯的水解条件进行了讨论.     

和田绿洲沙尘暴物质输送路径及其对大气环境质量的影响

为了研究来自不同方向的沙尘暴对和田绿洲大气环境质量的影响，本文利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型和NCEP的GDAS全球气象要素数据，将和田绿洲西北部的墨玉县城作为模拟受点（37.26°N，79.72°E），计算2016年1月1日—2018年12月31日发生的每一次沙尘天气期间逐日18：00（世界时）36 h后向气流轨迹，轨迹计算起始高度设置为500 m，并结合相应的PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO、O₃浓度监测数据进行聚类分析，研究抵达该地区的沙尘暴的主要移动轨迹和污染物输送路径.同时，运用潜在源贡献因子分析法（PSCF）和权重污染轨迹分析法，分析了沙尘暴期间不同气流轨迹对墨玉县污染物浓度的影响，识别大气污染物的潜在源区，揭示不同源区对污染物浓度的贡献差异.结果表明，影响和田绿洲（墨玉县）的沙尘暴主要来自西北（WN）、北（N）、东北（EN）和东（E）4个方向；其中，来自东部的沙尘天气频率最高（60.2%），但主要以浮尘天气为主；扬沙和强沙尘暴主要来自西部方向，54.48%的强沙尘暴和38.53%的扬沙来自西和西北方向.不同沙尘源区和不同传输路径上的沙尘气溶胶对和田绿洲大气环境的影响不一样.沙尘天气期间，大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀的平均浓度相当于无沙尘天气期间的3~5倍，但对SO₂、NO₂、CO、O₃质量浓度的影响不大；由西向东和由北向南的沙尘暴对墨玉县PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度的贡献率最大；由东向西的沙尘暴由于路过和田市和洛浦县等工业污染源区，此簇沙尘暴气团将该区域SO₂、NO₂、CO等污染颗粒携带到墨玉县，因此，东-东南（E-ES）方向的沙尘暴对SO₂、NO₂、CO的贡献率分别为15.56%、20.55%和21.57%.本文定量印证了沙尘暴对和田绿洲大气环境质量的影响，可为绿洲区沙尘暴研究提供参考.     

An overview on industrial waste management in China

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环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测方法探讨

以某铝厂环境空气氟化物污染纠纷的技术仲裁监测为实例，总结出了一套环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测的工作程序和方法，从法律程序、技术路线、质量保证，监测指标体系等方面对环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测工作如何开展进行了探讨。