刨花板及其木质原材料燃烧热解特性对比试验

为研究刨花板与木质原材料热解燃烧过程的区别,利用热重分析仪对空气和氮气条件下刨花板及其木质原材料进行研究。深入分析材料的燃烧热解失重过程的热重法和微商热重法曲线特性,确定了材料的燃烧特征参数。材料的燃烧热解动力学过程符合"双阶段一级反应"模型,利用考斯特-瑞地芬(Coats-Redfern)方法求得对应失重阶段的动力学参数。通过对比发现,刨花板较其木质原材料着火温度低,燃尽温度高,综合燃烧特性指数低;燃烧热解活化能和频率因子低,高温段失重率高;燃烧最终剩余质量和其木质原材料基本相同,热解剩余质量大于木质原材料。根据试验现象对刨花板燃烧热解过程中胶黏剂的作用机理进行了推断。     

焦化厂木格洗苯塔动火拆除的安全技术措施

近年来,焦化行业木格填料洗苯塔已逐渐被新型高效填料塔所取代.通过危险预知分析等方法,较详细地介绍了动火拆除木格填料塔的安全技术措施.     

Effects of Lime and Ash Treatments on DOC Fractions and Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Soil Solutions of Acidified Podzolic Soils

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fractions and different low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were determined in soil solutions from two lime or ash treated Norway spruce sites in the south of Sweden. At Hasslöv, 3.45 t ha^-1 or 8.75 t ha^-1 dolomite were applied 15 years before sampling. Horröd was treated with 4.28 t ha^-1 ash and 3.25 t ha^-1 dolomite and sampled four years later. Propionate (7–268 M) and malonate (2–34 M) were the LMWOAsfound in the highest concentrations at Hasslöv. Two other LMWOAs dominated at Horröd, namely citrate (18–64 M)and fumarate (5–31 M). The differences in concentration of most of the determined LMWOAs at Hasslöv were significantly increased due to treatment. The LMWOAs comprised between 1.1–6.3% of the DOC at Hasslöv and 4.5–17.6% at Horröd. At Hasslöv normally 3–10% of the total acidity (TA) was due to LMWOAs and the average specific buffer capacity was 74 ± 22 mmol mol^-1C.The total DOC concentration in the mor layer solution was 16 mM for the dolomite treated plots compared to 10 mM at the untreated plot. A major part of the increase in DOC at the treated plots apparently had a hydrophobic character and was of high molecular weight corresponding to 3–10 kDa. The concentration of DOC < 1 kDa in the control and treated plots was similar.     

九寨沟旅游设施非点源污染人工降雨实验

对九寨沟国家公园的旅游设施(栈道和公路)进行了人工降雨试验的设计、操作和测试数据分析.模拟试验选择6处公路和栈道试验区,采用人工降雨方法模拟历时30min的降雨.试验中按3 min间隔对各试验场降雨径流带出的总磷负荷进行现场监测.对公路和栈道降雨径流和浓度特征分别进行了相似性和异同性分析.     

中国古建筑防火保护探讨

分析我国古建筑的结构特点及其发生火灾的原因,给出部分古建筑火灾的实例,提出我国古建筑防火保护策略的评价方法。针对我国古建筑主要是木结构和木石结构的建筑特点,笔者提出:采用防火涂料或/和阻燃液对古建筑中的木结构进行防火保护,以延缓或阻止火势的蔓延,为施救和人员逃生赢得时间;而采用厚型无机防火涂料或隧道防火涂料来保护古建筑的石结构,可以避免火灾时因石结构强度的破坏而导致建筑物坍塌。     

减少木材加工企业粉尘污染的切削技术

木粉尘是我国木材加工企业环境污染及产生职业病的主要原因,为控制木粉尘产生量和散发量,笔者从切削及刀具技术角度探讨了降低空气中粉尘浓度的途径;指出粉尘是木材切削加工的产物,其产生量与散发量直接与木材切削方式、切削条件和刀具的结构密切相关;提出研究无屑、少屑和顺畅排屑等方面木材切削和刀具技术的重要性。综述了激光、高压水喷射等特种木材切削技术的研究及应用现状;介绍了金刚石木工铣刀及超薄硬质合金圆锯片等先进刀具技术;探讨并分析了影响木粉尘产生量的切削因素。指出我国大多数木材加工企业工作车间或作业场所的空气中,粉尘浓度严重超标,因此,研究和开发具有环保特点的绿色切削技术和木工刀具制造技术具有重要意义。     

木材加工厂的火灾危险性分析

木材加工在生产过程中存在一定的火灾危险性,一旦发生火灾,燃烧猛烈、蔓延发展快。本文以宿州市某木材加工厂发生的火灾为例,深入剖析了木材加工厂存在的火灾危险性,并结合木材加工厂火灾发生的原因,提出了有针对性的火灾预防措施。     

Preliminary Studies on Converting Agricultural Waste into Biodegradable Plastics – Part III: Sawdust

Summary Hardwood sawdust was derivatized either by carboxymethylation, glutaration, maleiation, phthallation, or succination in order to produce anionic materials suitable for complexation with soy protein isolate. Blending each derivative with soy protein isolate resulted in instant precipitation of gels. Infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry suggested that each derivative formed a complex with protein. Reaction products could be dried into pellets exhibiting tensile strengths between 0.9–2.4 MPa, suggested that these materials could be promising candidates for biodegradable structural materials.     

松材线虫对其携带的一株细菌繁殖和致病性的影响

采用黑松(Pinusthunbergii)无菌苗和愈伤组织的接种试验证明,松材线虫携带的洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burk-holderiacepacia)B619菌株的繁殖及对黑松的致病性受松材线虫的影响.进一步的研究表明,松材线虫的分泌物及死尸均可促进该菌株的生长繁殖和致病作用,且活线虫的促进作用比死尸更加显著,这可能是由于松材线虫提供给该菌株某些重要的营养物质.试验还发现,松材线虫分泌液经高温处理后对致病细菌繁殖的促进活性下降.表5参18     

沙棘米醋对小白鼠小肠运动功能的影响实验

用发酵法生产食醋配以4%沙棘果原汁,制成沙棘米醋作为实验材料,通过向小白鼠饲喂不同浓度的沙棘米醋(4%、2%、1%)与食醋、生理盐水比较研究,结果表明沙棘米醋能刺激肠蠕动,促进小白鼠消化道运动功能.