Simulating study on the effect of acid precipitation on forest soil weathering

The effect of acid rain on the forest soils in China was discussed on the basis of simulating studies. The soils were collected from five typical areas, including Chongqing in Sichuan Province and Guiyang in Guizhou Province, where there has been heavier acid rain in southwest China, and Huitong in Hunan Province, Zhouzhi in Shaanxi Province, and Xinglong in Hebei Province, all of which were selected as control. Field investigation and sampling were made in the typical forests in all the above five areas. The relationship between pH values in precipitation and rates of soil weathering, the difference between the rates of soil weathering in different areas, and the cause of such a difference, have been worked out. The prediction was also conducted on the supply dynamics of nutrient and toxic elements in various forest ecosystems which were affected by acid deposition in order to understand the long-term effects of acid precipitation on the forest ecosystems studied.     

废旧灯管回收处理的法制和设施建设

阐述了含汞的废光源对人类健康和环境的影响,从管理手段和技术手段两方面介绍了欧盟、美、日、台湾等地区和国家相关的法规和对策,以及国内废旧荧光灯回收利用和处理处置现状.并就深圳市废旧灯管回收处理的法制和设施建设现状,提出了相关建议.     

蛤蟆通河流域地下水化学特征及控制因素

为研究蛤蟆通河流域水化学特征及主要离子来源,2017年先后采集地下水样品59组,综合运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型和离子比等方法,分析了蛤蟆通流域地下水的水文地球化学特征,并探讨了蛤蟆通流域的水化学演化规律及主要离子来源.结果表明,该区地下水阳离子以Ca~(2+)为主,占阳离子总量的质量分数为22. 1%～72. 4%,平均为48. 7%;阴离子以HCO_3~-为主,占阴离子总量的质量分数为35. 3%～97. 5%,平均为80%; TDS介于93. 3～521. 1 mg·L~(-1),平均值为219. 1 mg·L~(-1),均为淡水;地下水类型以HCO_3-Ca、HCO_3-Ca·Mg和HCO_3-Ca·Na型水为主;地下水样品均分布在Gibbs模型左中部,说明该流域水化学离子组成受岩石风化作用控制;通过离子来源分析,该区主要离子来源于硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩的风化溶解.     

马莲河流域化学风化的季节变化和影响因素

为查明黄土高原马莲河流域不同季节河水化学的变化特征、来源及主要控制因子,2016年1~12月在流域下游雨落坪水文站采集时间序列水样40组,分析了主要离子组成并计算了化学风化速率.结果表明,河水总溶解固体(TDS)均值1 154.0 mg·L~(-1),远高于长江、黄河和珠江.阳离子以Na+为主,均值202.8 mg·L~(-1),其次为Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+),阴离子以SO_4~(2-)为主,均值431.2 mg·L~(-1).主要离子质量浓度的季节变化明显,总体规律是雨季前降低,雨季后增高,在融冰期和暴雨期分别突增和骤降.离子来源主要为岩石化学风化,蒸发岩、硅酸盐和碳酸盐贡献比例均值分别为67.1%、13.7%和19.2%.矿物含量和风化速率的不同决定了各风化作用对气候变化的差异响应:蒸发岩因其高风化速率对季风气候响应积极,雨季风化作用增强;雨季前期河水流量低,较长的水岩作用时间有利于硅酸盐风化进行;碳酸盐风化作用在雨季晚期和后期明显增强,可能因其在黄土中含量较高,雨季后降雨吸收了更多的土壤CO_2形成H2CO3增进了碳酸盐的溶解.蒸发岩、碳酸盐风化速率和流量显著正相关,流量是控制流域化学风化的主要因素.     

Comparison of surface water chemistry and weathering effects of two lake basins in the Changtang Nature Reserve, China

The geochemistry of natural waters in the Changtang Nature Reserve,northern Tibet,can help us understand the geology of catchments,and provide additional insight in surface processes that influence water chemistry such as rock weathering on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.However,severe natural conditions are responsible for a lack of scientific data for this area.This study represents the first investigation of the chemical composition of surface waters and weathering effects in two lake basins in the reserve(Lake Dogaicoring Qiangco and Lake Longwei Co).The results indicate that total dissolved solids(TDS)in the two lakes are significantly higher than in other gauged lakes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,reaching 20–40 g/L,and that TDS of the tectonic lake(Lake Dogaicoring Qiangco)is significantly higher than that of the barrier lake(Lake Longwei Co).Na+and Cl-are the dominant ions in the lake waters as well as in the glacier-fed lake inflows,with chemical compositions mainly affected by halite weathering.In contrast,ion contents of inflowing rivers fed by nearby runoff are lower and concentrations of dominant ions are not significant.Evaporite,silicate,and carbonate weathering has relatively equal effects on these rivers.Due to their limited scope,small streams near the lakes are less affected by carbonate than by silicate weathering.     

LED七彩莲花灯变色同步机制的抗电磁炉低频传导干扰实例

由LED七彩莲花灯的变色同步机制受大功率电磁炉低频传导干扰的案例为出发点,首先介绍莲花灯的基本原理及其变色同步机制,然后对出现的问题进行原因分析,最后运用低通滤波器抑制电磁炉的低频传导干扰,实现七彩莲花灯稳定的变色同步。     

汽车内外饰件氙灯老化试验对样品的要求

氙灯老化试验目前是众多汽车企业必检项目之一,汽车内外饰件用到的非金属材料有很多,如涂料、塑料、纤维织物、橡胶、皮革及装饰木纹件等等,并且形状多样,如何让氙灯试验更加准确,重复性更好,这对试验样品有严格的要求。     

介绍一种原子吸收光谱法空心阴极灯的替代用法

用原子吸收光谱法测定Mn、Zn、Cu金属元素的常规监测中，需频繁更换Mn灯、Zn灯和Cu灯等空心阴极灯，耗时费力，增加了时间成本。文章介绍了一种新方法，用Mn灯、Zn灯两种空心阴极灯可作为Cu灯空心阴极灯使用。在实际操作中减少了更换灯的频次和预热次数，使测试工作变得经济而省时，降低了监测成本，提高了工作效率，是一项值得推广的方法改进。     

蜡染废水在线处理回用及热能回收工程实例

采用絮凝沉淀-ClO2脱色-砂滤-微波无极紫外光催化氧化工艺对青岛凤凰印染有限公司蜡染印花水洗废水进行处理,详细论述了该工艺的运行特点、处理及回用效果。结果表明,在进水COD及色度波动很大的情况下,处理后废水水质长期稳定达到COD100 mg/L,色度10倍,其他各项水质指标均可满足蜡染水洗工序的生产回用要求,并回收了水中的热能。废水回用率达80%,日节水200 t,节约热能折合成标准煤约为1 t,为印染行业完成节能20%,减排20%的总体目标提供了新的思路。     

Are calcareous soils in uplands less prone to damage from road salting than acidic soils?

Previous studies of upland roadside soils in Cumbria, that would normally be naturally acidic, have highlighted that (a) runoff from roads subjected to long-term road salting can dramatically raise soil pH down slope in upland areas; (b) the soil pH increase dramatically changes N cycling in soils down slope, increasing mineralisation of organic matter, ammonification, ammonium leaching down slope and nitrification and nitrate leaching; (c) the increase in nitrification substantially increases nitrate leaching to down-slope rivers, and this is readily detectable in field studies; and (d) loss of soil organic matter over decades of salting is so great that organic matter is no longer substantially solubilised by high salt concentrations found in soil solution below road drains. This paper tests and supports the hypothesis that such effects are minimal for more calcareous soil ecosystems. It examines the soil and soil solution chemistry on another Cumbrian upland highway, the A686 near Leadgate, Alston. Sodium % of soil CEC values for soil transects affected by spray containing road salt are similar at both the A6 and A686 sites. However, spatial trends in calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and nitrate concentrations as well as pH differ, as a direct result of the higher weathering rate of parent material and possibly also the presence of limestone walls above both spray-affected and control transects at the A686 site.