酸醋是碱性食品

世界的真实面目并不总是你从它表面感知到的那样,比如我们熟知的酸醋. 酸醋的学名叫乙酸, 分子式为CH3COOH.在被人体吸收代谢之前,它是不折不扣的酸性物质.     

产氢产乙酸细菌在处理医药废水中的应用

本研究对中药二厂两相厌氧反应系统的产酸相中的产氢产乙酸细菌进行分离鉴定,将其投入含不同浓度双黄连的中医药废水中,发现146号菌株和双黄连存在抑制和诱导关系,研究结果表明,该菌株对双黄连有一定的分解效果和耐受性,在一定浓度时,该菌株对双黄连废水的降解处理达到最佳效果。     

电子废弃物拆解地PM_(10)中多氯联苯、镉和铜含量调查及人体健康风险评估

为研究某电子垃圾拆解地大气中PM10及其典型污染物含量以及对人体健康的危害,采用主动式大气颗粒物采样器采集大气样品,分析ρ(PM10)及其所携带的ρ(PCBs),ρ(Cd)和ρ(Cu),利用美国环境保护署(US EPA)人体健康风险评估模型,评估PM10携带的污染物对研究区居住用地及工商业用地方式下人体的致癌及非致癌风险,分析模型参数对风险评估结果的敏感性.结果表明:在采样期间研究区ρ(PM10)日均值为0.05~0.32 mg/m3,14个样本均超过我国《大气环境质量标准》(GB3095—82)ρ(PM10)一级日均标准值(0.05 mg/m3);大气PM10中的ρ(PCBs)为8 971.5~17 197.6 pg/m3,高于国内外其他地区;ρ(Cd)和ρ(Cu)分别为2.7~18.3和127.8~1 218.0 ng/m3;ρ(PCBs),ρ(Cd)和ρ(Cu)最高值出现位置均为附近新近出现焚烧行为的YLY(玉露杨)采样点.健康风险评估结果表明,居住用地方式下PM10中污染物引起的致癌风险超过可接受风险(10-6),绝大部分由Cd引起;参数敏感性分析表明,污染物特征、成人个体及行为参数对致癌风险影响最大,儿童行为及污染物特征参数对非致癌风险影响最大;在进行健康风险评估时,参数须尽量通过实地调查获得,以降低评估结果的不确定性.     

Adsorption and desorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) in paddy soils cultivated for various years in the subtropical China

The adsorption and desorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) on upland red soil,and paddy soils which were originated from the upland soil and cultivated for 8,15,35 and 85 years,were investigated using the batch method.The study showed that the organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils are important factors controlling the adsorption and desorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ).The 15-Year paddy soil had the highest adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ),followed by the 35-Year paddy soil.Both the 35-Year paddy soil and 15-Year paddy soil adsorbed more Cu(Ⅱ) than the upland soil and other paddy soils.The 15-Year paddy soils exhibited the highest desorption percentage for both Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ).These results are consistent with the trend for the CEC of the soils tested.The high soil CEC contributes not only to the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) but also to the electrostatic adsorption of the two heavy metals by the soils.Lower desorption percentages for Cu(Ⅱ) (36.7% to 42.2%) and Pb(Ⅱ) (50.4% to 57.9%) were observed for the 85-Year paddy soil.The highest content of organic matter in the soil was responsible for the low desorption percentages for the two metals because the formation of the complexes between the organic matter and the metals could increase the stability of the heavy metals in the soils.     

丙酸/乙酸比例对生物除磷系统的影响研究

在5个SBR反应器(1#～5#)中,用乙酸、丙酸/乙酸(以C计)比例为0.5、2、10和丙酸的合成废水,通过厌氧/好氧工艺驯化活性污泥使之富集聚磷菌,研究了丙酸/乙酸比例对强化生物除磷系统(EBPR)中COD降解、溶解性正磷酸盐(SOP)的释放、吸收及其去除率的影响。结果表明,PAO对COD的降解符合一级动力学过程,PAO对丙酸的利用速率较乙酸快,因此,增加丙酸/乙酸比例有助于EBPR系统的稳定性。随丙酸/乙酸比例增加,SOP的释放与吸收量减少,SOP的代谢速率降低,但SOP的去除率依次为88.2%,89.8%,92.2%,94.2%和95.2%,去除率增加了7%,因此增加丙酸/乙酸比例有助于提高EBPR系统除磷效率。     

饮用水中卤乙酸生成的影响因素及检测方法

卤乙酸作为已检出的氯化消毒副产物中最具致癌性的一类物质,在饮用水的研究中得到了越来越多的重视。本文从卤乙酸的生成机理及其影响因素、检测方法入手,对卤乙酸的研究进行了概述,并着重分析了影响卤乙酸生成的各种影响因素以及其检测方法的优化。     

铁盐改性石英砂的制备及其吸附Cu^2＋性能研究

通过改变石英砂表面的物理化学性质,提高石英砂的吸附效率,考察其对废水中的Cu2＋去除效果。以石英砂为载体,分别用反复高温加热法和反复碱性沉积法制备三氯化铁改性砂、硝酸铁改性砂,测定了2种方法制备的铁盐改性砂的表面含铁量、铁盐的酸稳定性及比表面积,并比较了2种铁盐改性砂对Cu2＋吸附效果。结果表明,三氯化铁改性砂、硝酸铁改性砂的比表面积分别为2.468 m2/g和4.247 m2/g,比石英原砂比表面积分别提高了6.910和12.612倍;在pH=6条件下,石英砂对Cu2＋去除率为39%左右,硝酸铁改性砂对Cu2＋去除率达到84%,氯化铁改性砂达到89%以上,铁盐改性砂对Cu2＋去除能力比原砂有很大的提高;铁盐改性砂对Cu2＋的吸附有一定的容量,表面的活性中心越多,吸附能力越大。     

萘和苯并［b］荧蒽在配位聚合物上的选择性吸附行为和机理研究

异烟酸铜配位聚合物是由[Cu(4-C5H4N-COO)2(H2O)4]n通过分子间氢键构筑而成的三维超分子化合物,选用分子形状、大小和疏水性差别较大的多环芳烃萘和苯并[b]荧蒽为研究对象,研究异烟酸铜配位聚合物对它们的选择性吸附作用.结果表明,在pH为5～6,吸附剂用量为1.0 g/L时,异烟酸铜配位聚合物对苯并[b]荧蒽的去除率可达90%以上,而对萘的去除率低于10%.萘和苯并[b]荧蒽在异烟酸铜配位聚合物上的吸附等温线既较好地符合Langmuir模式,又较好地符合Freundlich模式.热力学数据表明,异烟酸铜配位聚合物吸附苯并[b]荧蒽的过程是自发进行的,而对萘的吸附则是非自发过程.动力学试验表明,2种物质的吸附过程均为一级可逆动力学反应.     

Preparation of organically functionalized silica gel as adsorbent for copper ion adsorption

A novel adsorbent (AMPS-silica) was synthesized by bounding AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) onto silica surface, which functioned with -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane reagent. The adsorbent was characterized by nitrogen adsorption/ desorption measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and potentiometric titration analysis. The TGA result indicated that the surface modification reactions introduced some organic functional groups onto the surface of silica. The surface area of AMPSsilica was 389.7 m2/g. The adsorbent was examined for copper ion removal in series of batch adsorption experiments. Results showed that the adsorption of Cu2+ onto AMPS-silica was pH dependent, and the adsorption capacity increased with increasing pH from 2 to 6. The adsorption kinetics showed that Cu2+ adsorption was fast and the data fitted well with a pseudo second- order kinetic model. The adsorption of Cu2+ onto AMPS-silica obeyed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, with r2 = 0.993 and r2 = 0.984, respectively. The maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity was 19.9 mg/g. The involved mechanism might be the adsorption through metal binding with organic functional groups such as carboxyl, amino and sulfonic groups. Cu2+ loaded on AMPS-silica could be desorbed in HNO3 solution, and the adsorption properties remain stable after three adsorption-desorption cycles.     

某铜矿区土壤重金属污染状况研究

通过对某铜矿区土壤重金属含量及化学形态分布进行分析,探讨了采矿过程中的重金属在土壤中的积累特征。结果表明,该矿区的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni在土壤中的积累程度相当高。各采样点的重金属综合污染递减顺序依次为:堆浸泥>最后沉淀池>堆浸矿>堆浸土>金矿排污口污泥>原生土壤>铜矿区下游江边土壤。堆浸矿土壤的重金属以残渣态、水溶态、有机质硫化态这三种组分为主,而堆浸泥土壤则以Fe-Mn氧化物结合态为主。