计算机内灰尘有机物污染调查

通过分析从不同场所收集来的计算机内灰尘样品,以了解计算机内灰尘中有机物污染情况,以及主要有机污染物的成分和浓度,并探讨了计算机内灰尘中有机物的来源和成因。     

城市土壤和地表灰尘重金属污染研究进展与展望

随着城市化和工业化的不断推进,城市土壤和地表灰尘重金属污染日趋严重,对城市环境和人类健康构成威胁,已成为国内外城市环境研究的热点问题.从重金属污染水平及其时空特征、污染源解析方法、生态和健康风险这3个主要方面,对国内外城市土壤和地表灰尘重金属研究成果进行了梳理和归纳.分析了当前研究存在的不足,并对未来研究进行了展望,即研究土壤和地表灰尘重金属在不同条件下的相互影响机制,通过丰富验证方法加强重金属来源解析模型结果的可靠性研究,加强来源驱动下重金属化学形态差异和地表灰尘短期累积污染过程的研究,完善暴露参数并深入探究重金属的化学形态对其生态和健康风险的影响,以提高风险预测水平.     

Removal of adhesive dusts from flue gas using corona discharges with spraying water

Effective removal of adhesive and fine dusts from flue gas is very difficult. A new method of electrostatic precipitation of the corona discharges with spraying water(CDSW) was introduced. A new electrode configuration and the circulation spraying of water were employed in the method. The efficient electrostatic precipitation for adhesive and fine dusts can be accomplished without any drain water during a long operating period. The fundamental structure, discharge characteristics, mechanism of spraying and precipitation principle of the electrostatic precipitation using CDSW were described and analyzed. The V-I characteristics, spraying state, supplying water quantity, influence of temperature and clean of the electrodes were researched in series experiments. The treating effects of circulating spraying using the corona plasma at the same time of electrostatic precipitation were investigated. The fundamental theories and experimental data were proposed, in order to effectively remove the adhesive dusts from flue gas using CDSW in practice.     

Evaluation of dust activity and climate effects in North China

TOMS/Al data with nearly 20 years are utilized in the paper to evaluate dust activities in North China. Combined with simultaneous NCEP reanalysis climate data, climate effects on dust activities are assessed. The results showed that the whole North China suffers impact by dust aerosols, with three centers standing out in TOMS/Al spring average map that are western three basins, which are characterized by lower annual precipitation and elevation. Gobi deserts in Mongolia Plateau do not attain higher TOMS/AI value due to cloud contamination and relative higher elevation. Spring is the season with the highest TOMS dust aerosol index; within the western three basins, high dust aerosol index appears in both spring and summer, especially in Tarim Basin. Wind speed in spring and precipitation in previous rainy season play important roles in controlling dust activities, higher wind speed and less precipitation than the normal are in favor of dust activities in spring. Temperature in spring and previous winter also affect dust activity to a certain extent, but with contrary spatial distribution. Temperature in winter exert effect principally in west part, contrarily, temperature effect in spring is mainly shown in east part. Both of them have negative correlation with dust activity.     

交通活动对公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属含量的影响

为了解公路交通带来的重金属污染及其在公路两侧土壤中的分布规律,对相关研究结果的分析表明,含铅汽油、润滑油的燃烧,汽车轮胎、刹车里村的机械磨损等是公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属污染的重要来源.机动车辆排放的含重金属颗粒物或直接沉积在路面灰尘中,或通过干湿沉降沉积在公路两侧的土壤中,使得公路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属出现不同程度的积累.一般地,公路两侧土壤中重金属含量随着距公路距离的增加呈指数形式下降.公路两侧土壤中重金属的含量及其分布格局因受交通流量、车辆类型、地形与路况、绿化带配置和风、降雨等气象条件的影响而异.     

城市灰尘PAHs累积与迁移过程的影响因素研究

以上海市为例,探讨了城市中心城区地表灰尘中多环芳烃(PAHs)累积与迁移过程的影响因素.结果表明,粒度只是影响城市灰尘吸附PAHs的一个次要因子,与PAHs含量之间没有明显的相关关系.城市灰尘TOC与PAHs含量显著正相关(冬季r=0.62,p＜0.000 1;夏季r=0.55,p=0.002),说明对于城市地表灰尘而言,有机质的含量越高,其吸收PAHs的能力就越强,这种结果与理论上PAHs的憎水亲脂性相一致.风向能够直接影响PAHs在空间上的分布趋势,污染源下风向的地区更容易累积较多的PAHs,且距离污染源越近,污染程度越重,相反,污染源上风向的地区则不利于PAHs的累积,污染程度较轻.夏季最高值出现在西北城区,含量为27 766 ng·g-1,冬季最高值出现在南部和东部城区,含量分别为30 741 ng·g-1和32 573 ng·g-1.大城市中心区存在PAHs污染的"空心效应".温度是影响城市灰尘PAHs累积与迁移的重要气象参数.     

江苏将出台《大气颗粒物污染防治管理办法》“灰尘量”考核不达标暂停环评

近日,江苏省政府法制办发布了《江苏省大气颗粒物污染防治管理办法》(征求意见稿),这意味着该办法出台后,容易产生扬尘、粉尘的工地施工、交通运输等都要被"管起来"。同时,如果违反相关规定,江苏也将开出最严罚单。     

电子废弃物拆解车间灰尘中重金属污染特征及职业人群健康风险评价

以上海市某正规电子废弃物手工拆解车间为研究对象,同时选取某高校研究生办公室和教室进行对照研究,采集室内灰尘样品,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP—OES)法测定了灰尘中铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)的含量,采用地累积指数法(Igeo)评价了室内灰尘中重金属的污染程度...