确定区域环境污染成因——HCA-PCA法

把系统聚类分析(简称HCA-hierachical cluster analysis) 和主成分分析方法(简称PCA-Principal Component Analysis)有机结合,从给定的"样品-指标"数据矩阵出发,利用HCA科学判定区域环境污染的类型,然后根据不同的类型利用PCA方法确定首要污染因子,针对首要污染因子,对各个污染途径进行评估,计算出各途径的污染分担率,从而确定区域污染成因.并对其原理、计算方法、特点作出分析和讨论,同时以某城镇水环境为例进行了计算示范.经证实该方法在确定区域环境污染成因,制定区域污染防治措施方面有重要的意义.     

Vegetation patterns and nature reserve construction in an extremely-arid desert in Anxi,NW China's Gansu Province

Anxi County is located in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor in gansu Province and has the sole national level nature reserve of extremely-arid desert in China.Phytosociological methods (Braun-Blanquet,1964) are used to classify plant community types in this area.Eleven are disting uished,including six of deserts,four of oases and one transitional type between deserts and oases.Direct gradient analysis (DCA) is employed to correlate the distribution of plant communities to physiogeographic conditions.This study makes clear that water is the most important ecological factor for the distribution of plant species and communities in this area.The effects of water have been demonstrated in different ways.A vegetation gradient from lower altitude to higher altitude in the southern part of the reserve is driven by a precipitation gradient.The effects of the depth of ground water table contribute to the differentiation of vegetation from desert to oasis in the flat area.In a finer scale,the washed gullies have obviously higher species richness and also higher vegetation cover than the surround gobi surfaces,possibly caused by the effects of floods.The vegetation patterns demonstrate that the area of Anxi County is a complete landscape unit.The range of the current nature reserve is not large enough for the purpose of conserving the unique biodiversity in this area.     

不同生物接触氧化方法对藻类的去除效果比较及其途径分析

比较了3种生物接触氧化法对富营养化水源水中藻类的去除效果，探讨其去除藻类的途径。试验结果表明：淹没式曝气生物陶粒滤池（I型）在4-6m/h过滤速度条件下，对藻类总数的去除效率稳定，平均为70%左右；采用YDT弹性立体填料的中心导流筒曝气生物接触氧化法（Ⅱ型）与直接微孔曝气生物接触氧化法（Ⅲ型），在试验初期对藻类总数的去除率较低，平均去除率分别为60.2%、51.6%。但随着生物膜厚度的增加，试验后期对藻类的去除效果逐步得到提高，平均达70%以上。生物膜对藻类的生物絮凝、吸附、生物膜的脱落沉降等是生物接触氧化法去除藻类的主要途径。     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

成矿结构体系及其钨矿找矿意义

矿床共生组合和成矿系列是古老的或研究时间较长的概念,在不同矿床类型间的成因联系研究、指导成矿预测和找矿起了不小作用。为了更利于成矿预测和指导找矿,在不同矿床(点、体,种)类型的成因联系研究基础上,进行不同矿床(点、体,种)类型的空间分布规律或空间结构形式的研究,对钨矿新一轮找矿尤为重要。为此,本文首次提出成矿结构体系概念,并对其主要特征、类型、形成机制、钨矿成矿结构体系及其找矿意义进行探讨。     

抚顺市区地下水水质污染现状评价

结合1991和2004两年丰水期34个监测点（监测井位）的监测资料，从地下水化学类型的变化角度阐述抚顺市地下水主要含量成分的改变，认为抚顺市区地下水质是受到了不同程度的污染，随着环境保护工作的深入、地面污染源的治理，地下水质有一定程度的改善，但却是非常缓慢的。     

人工湿地的发展概况和面临的问题

人工湿地是近年来发展的一种新型污水处理技术。主要介绍了人工湿地的几种主要构建类型:表面流型人工湿地、潜流型人工湿地、垂直流型人工湿地和复合垂直流人工湿地,并分别指出它们的优缺点。同时简要阐述了人工湿地去除污染物质的机理。     

国内外采矿废弃地生态恢复研究进展

采矿废弃地的生态恢复是目前恢复生态学的一个研究热点.对于采矿废弃地进行生态恢复有着十分重要的理论和现实意义.本文对国内外的采矿废弃地的生态恢复历史与现状作了一个较为系统地回顾与总结,同时还运用恢复生态学理论,分析了采矿废弃地的类型和特点,总结了目前采矿废弃地生态恢复的主要措施和技术以及不足之处.     

发酵法生产抗生素过程中的主要环境因素及其控制措施分析

环境因素是指一个组织的活动、产品或服务中能与环境发生相互作用的要素。一个组织欲建立环境管理体系必须以识别重大环境因素和消除对环境有害的因素为目的．由此而确定组织的环境方针、目标和指标，采用相应的管理手段。应当说识别重大环境因素是管理体系明确管理对象的重要环节。对于不同组织类型、不同生产工艺和不同规模．环境因素可以千差万别。本文以生物发酵溶酶提取生产抗生素过程中的主要环境因素及其控制措施进行分析．以期与大家共同探讨。