三乙磷酸铝生产中火灾爆炸事故的预防

三乙磷酸铝(C6H18AlO9P3)为白色无味结晶,易溶于水,是一种具有双向内吸传导作用的优良杀菌剂,是一种高效低毒的农药.采用硫酸铝铵盐两步法生产三乙磷酸铝,使用三氯化磷、乙醇、氨水、硫酸铝为主要原料.     

固定化Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V的生物材料同时去除结晶紫和Cr（Ⅵ）

利用生物材料固定化游离菌Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V同时去除结晶紫(CV)和Cr(Ⅵ),并以游离菌和无菌小球作为对照.实验结果表明,固定化C09V菌小球能够同时吸附CV和Cr(Ⅵ),在42 h对CV(60.0 mg·L-1)和Cr(Ⅵ)(50.0 mg·L-1)的去除率分别为92.7%和25.9%,明显高于游离菌的75.6%和13.9%;而无菌小球在6 h时的去除率分别为83.9%和16.4%,且42 h后的去除率没有显著变化,说明固定化小球本身具有很好的吸附性能且能提高对结晶紫的去除效果.将无菌小球同时吸附CV和Cr(Ⅵ)试验进行伪二级动力学拟合,结果显示,无菌小球在10 h时达到吸附平衡,饱和吸附量分别为0.288 mg·g-1和0.082 mg·g-1,且R2均高于0.99.此外,通过EDS、SEM、FTIR、XPS分析,证明生物材料可同时吸附CV和Cr(Ⅵ),固定菌C09V可降解CV,并将Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ).     

三种有机酸对磷酸钙法回收模拟养猪场污水中磷的影响

采用磷酸钙(Calcium Phosphate,CP)结晶法回收模拟养猪场污水中的磷,考察了不同pH值条件下,3种有机酸(柠檬酸、丁二酸和乙酸)对模拟污水中磷去除率的影响,并利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对结晶产物进行了表征.结果表明,CP结晶反应的最佳pH值约为9.5.在相同pH值条件下,柠檬酸对CP结晶反应中磷的去除效率和速率均有显著影响,高浓度柠檬酸能够完全抑制CP结晶反应,导致磷的去除率小于5%.相比之下,丁二酸和乙酸对磷的去除效率和速率影响不明显.3种有机酸对CP结晶产物的形状没有明显影响,所得产物均呈不定形的块状,但产物体积大小会随有机酸浓度升高而明显减小.不同浓度丁二酸和乙酸存在条件下均能得到羟基磷酸钙(Hydroxylapatite,HAP)晶体,但柠檬酸的存在会影响所得产物晶形.     

流化床工艺在水处理中的应用研究进展

流化床工艺是一种工程应用前景广阔的处理技术,近年来该技术备受水处理研究者的青睐。已经研究出了多种反应器结构和工艺组合,如鸟粪石结晶流化反应器、三相生物流化床,具有结构紧凑、反应速度快,易于操作的优点。根据废水中污染物的去除机理将流化床归为流化床结晶反应器和流化床生物反应器两大类,论述该工艺在含磷、含氟、含硫废水,印染废水,农药废水及其他工业废水中的应用研究现状,展望了流化床反应器的发展趋势。     

Synthesis and characterisation of potassium polytitanate for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet

Potassium titanate nanostructures were synthesised by hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 （P25） in KOH and H2O2. As-produced powders were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods. Longitudinally-oriented-wire-like structures with a length up to several micrometres and diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm were obtained. Larger size fibrous nanowires resulting from the hydrotherrnal treatment showed high affinity in adsorbing crystal violet （CV）, which was mainly due to their high surface area. The photocatalytic bleaching of CV solution revealed that the wires are photoactive under ultraviolet light irradiation. Macroporous nanowires are considered as effective adsorbents of CV, capable of photocatalvtic degradation, and they can be easily separated from the solution by settling.     

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization：Property of aggregates

Struvite crystallization is a promising method to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater to ease both the scarcity of phosphorus rock resources and water eutrophication worldwide. To date, although various kinds of reactor systems have been developed, supporting methods are required to control the struvite fines flushing out of the reactors. As an intrinsic property, aggregation is normally disregarded in the struvite crystallization process, although it is the key factor in final particle size and therefore guarantees phosphorus recovery efficiency. The present study developed a method to analyze the characteristics of struvite aggregates using fractal geometry, and the influence of operational parameters on struvite aggregation was evaluated. Due to its typical orthorhombic molecular structure, struvite particles are prone to crystallize into needle or rod shapes, and aggregate at the corners or edges of crystals. The determined fractal dimension(Dpf) of struvite aggregates was 1.52–1.31, with the corresponding range of equivalent diameter(d0.5) at 295.9–85.4 μm. Aggregates formed in relatively low phosphorus concentrations(3.0–5.0 mmol/L) and mildly alkaline conditions(pH 9.0–9.5) displayed relatively compact structures, large aggregate sizes and high aggregation strength. Increasing pH values led to continuous decrease of aggregate sizes, while the variation of Dpfwas insignificant. As to the aggregate evolution, fast growth in a short time followed by a long steady stage was observed.     

X射线衍射和红外光谱法分析高岭石结晶度

用X射线衍射和红外光谱法研究了浙江临安纤岭一带高岭石样品(A,B,C,D四个样品)的结晶度,并考察两种方法分析结果的相关性。分析结果表明B样品的Hinckley指数为1.28、红外结晶指数为1.57,结晶度最好。两种方法相关性较好,均可用来分析高岭石结晶度。     

壳聚糖吸附印染废水中结晶紫效果的研究

研究了壳聚糖对染料结晶紫的吸附条件,探讨了壳聚糖添加量、结晶紫溶液初始浓度、温度等因素对壳聚糖吸附性能的影响。结果表明,随着壳聚糖添加量的增加,其对结晶紫的吸附能力也增强;吸附量随结晶紫初始质量浓度的增加而增大,溶液中结晶紫的去除率随其初始浓度的增加也呈缓慢增加趋势;随着吸附温度从30℃升高到50℃,壳聚糖对结晶紫溶液的平衡吸附量有所减少。壳聚糖对结晶紫的吸附动力学符合Lagergren方程二级吸附模型和Elovich方程,吸附过程的表观活化能（Ea）为7．24kJ／mol。     

碳酸钙自发沉淀析出的动力学研究

通过记录析晶过程中溶液各组份随时间的变化关系,研究了不同过饱和度的碳酸钙水溶液的沉淀动力学过程．实验结果显示,异相成核是主导的成核机制．通过实验数据计算出了表面二维晶核的棱自由能为２．５３ × １０－８ｍＪ·ｍ－１．实验数据表明,碳酸钙晶体生长的过程是扩散控制过程．     

羟基磷酸钙结晶除磷研究进展

磷是造成水体富营养化的关键因素,同时也是日益枯竭的资源。羟基磷酸钙(HAP)结晶除磷技术既能去除废水中的磷,又能实现磷的高效回收,具有可观的经济效益与环境效益,在国内外受到广泛的关注和研究。在阐述HAP结晶除磷原理的基础上,对HAP结晶过程、反应条件进行归纳与总结,系统分析了结晶反应过程中p H、Ca/P、晶种材料以及共存杂质等对HAP结晶的影响,并指出当前HAP结晶除磷技术存在的问题,对未来的研究和发展趋势提出展望。