Heavy metals in surface sediments from Minjiang Esturary—Mazu and Xiamen—Jinmen sea areas

The concentrations of Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd in surface sediments from Minjang Estuary-Mazu and Ziamen-Jinmen sea areas of China were investigated during 1995-1996.The concentration ranges of Cu,Pb ,Zn and Cd in the Minjiang Estuary-Mazu sea area were 16.4-37.2,33.4-69.6,92.1-128,0.087-0.036mg/kg(dry wt.),respectively; those for Xiamen-Jinmen sea area were 11.0-24.5,36.0-80.3,77.5-161,0.135-0.285mg/kg(dry wt.), respectively.The concentration and distributions of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in surface sediments of Minjiang Estuary-Mazu and Xiamen-Jinmen sea areas were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that the values of Zn and Pb exceeded those of sediment quality criteria.The average concentration of Cu in Minjiang Estuary-Mazu sea area was higher than that in Xiamen-Jinmen sea area.The obviously higher concentrations of Cu,Pb, Zn and Cd were found at outlets of Minjiang and Jiulong River.From the estuaries to open sea, the concentrations of Cu, Pb,Zn and Cd had a decreasing trend, and then elevated in the sea areas near Mazu and Jinmen, suggesting that Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in Minjiang Estuary-Mazu and Xiamen-Jinmen sea areas may come from both the mainland and Taiwan of China.     

Elemental sulfur effects on Pb and Zn uptake by Indian mustard and winter wheat

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, Indian mustard( Brassica juncea ) and a field crop, winter wheat( Triticum. aestivum). Elemental sulfur(S) with different rates was carried out, they were 0(S0 ), 20(S20 ), 40(S40 ), 80(S80 ), and 160(S160 ) mmol/kg respectively. Extra pots with the same rates of S but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor pH and CaCl2-extractable heavy metal changes. The results showed that S enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil. Application S effectively decreased soil pH down to 1.1 as the most at the rate of Sl60. The concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn in soil and uptake of Pb and Zn by the plants were increased with soil pH decreased. A good correlation between CaCl2-extractable Pb/Zn and soil pH was found( Rpb^2 = 0.847 and RZn^2 = 0,991, n = 25). With S application, soil CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn concentrations, concentration of Pb and Zn in plants and the amount of removal by plant uptake were significanfly higher than those without S. Under the treatment of S160, the highest CaCl2-extmctable Pb and Zn were observed, they were 4.23 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, 2.7 and 2.0 times as that of the control(So ) respectively. At the highest rates of S( Sl~0 ), both Indian mustard and winter wheat reached the highest uptake of Pb and Zn. The highest Pb concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 32.8 mg/kg and 537.0 mg/kg, all 1.8 times as that of the control, and the highest Zn concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 215.5 mg/kg and 404.0 mg/kg, 2.4 and 2.0 times as that of the control respectively. The highest removals of Pb and Zn from the contaminated soil were 0.41 rag/pot and 0.31 nag/pot by Indian mustard in the treatment of S160 through 50 days growth.     

几种重金属土壤污染及其防治的研究进展

本文详细地介绍了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、Cr、Se等几种金属元素在土壤 -植物农业生态环境中的形态分布、迁移转化、富集累积及其对植物生长作用机理的规律 ,以及对其采取的防治措施的最新研究进展 ,指出应从源头上防治重金属元素对土壤 -植物系统的污染 ,建设绿色生态农业从根本上解决土壤生态系统的重金属污染     

重庆市近郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中重金属的质量现状

通过对重庆市近郊蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中重金属的监测和评价得出：重庆市近郊蔬菜基地部分土壤受到 Ｃｄ和Ｈｇ的污染；部分蔬菜受到Ｐｂ和Ｃｄ的污染。     

印刷线路板厂含铜污泥固化处理工艺研究

研究采用水泥作固化基材固化处理某印刷线路板厂酸性废水用石灰混凝所产生的含铜、锡、金的污泥 ,对固化块在不同 pH的水中重金属Cu2 +的浸出实验结果表明 :水泥固化处理该混凝污泥效果良好 ,控制合适的条件 ,可得到混合性能好、初凝时间适当、抗压强度较好的固化块。Cu2 +的浸出率低于允许浸出浓度。混凝过程中加入硫脲硅酸钠等助剂 ,可提高固化效果。研究还对几种不同配比的固化块抗压强度进行了探讨。     

上海潮滩表层沉积物重金属的分布特征

１９９８年７月、１１月和１９９９年１月、４月，对上海潮滩进行连续采样和预测的基础上，用原子吸收法测试了１１０个表层沉积物中的Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｒ和Ｃｄ的含量，结果表明：（１）上海潮滩表层沉积物重金属含量有如下顺序：Ｚｎ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｃｒ〉Ｐｂ》Ｃｄ。（２）在自然条件下，从高潮滩到中、低潮滩，沉积物重金属的含量递减。（３）不同的采样位置对沉积物重金属的含量有显著影响。（４）根据各采样点沉积物重金属的含理     

藻类生态毒理学研究进展

综述了重金属和部分有机化合物对藻类的生态毒理效应,并探讨了藻类对污染物的富集和降解机制.大量研究证实,重金属对藻类在各个水平上均产生影响,但不同重金属对不同的藻种有不同的毒性效应.而有机物对藻类的影响则可归纳为4个方面.     

阿穆尔河流域水生生态系鱼体内重金属的研究

本文系统地介绍了我省界河阿穆尔河中游水生生态系鱼体中重金属含量研究结果,从生物地球化学角度揭示了不同鱼种及鱼的不同器官对重金属的亲合和富集能力以及同水体污染的关系。     

大亚湾海洋生物重金属分析与评价

本文在1988年1月大亚湾环境调查的基础上,通过13个调查站、25种生物(鱼类8种、甲壳动物2种、棘皮动物3种、软体动物12种)的6种重金属(CU、Pb、Zn、Cd、∑Cr、Ni)含量检测数据,初步分析了大亚湾不同类别生物重金属含量水平、各类生物重金属含量的地理差异,并对海洋生物重金属含量进行了质量评价。为今后大亚湾海洋环境质量综合评价提供了背景资料。     

利用XPS研究复合氧化物催化剂在汽车尾气净化中硫中毒及抗硫中毒机理

运用ＸＰＳ分析方法研究一系列复合氧化物催化剂中毒前后硫在其表面的各种形态及催化剂活性组分中毒前后的组成，价态，化学机理及其变化。结果表明，ＳＯ２在催化剂活性中心进行化学吸附，然后一部分ＳＯ２与活性组分生成相应的亚硫酸盐和硫酸盐，从而使催化剂失活。