土壤中多氯联苯简化计算定量方法研究

针对含有两种或两种以上Aroclor多氯联苯混合物的样品,研究其简便易行的定性、定量方法。将复杂样品中的多氯联苯分别折算成Aroclor 1016、1242、1260含量,在定性的同时予以定量。3种不同组分混合样品的加标回收率分别为68.2%～80.6%、67.9%～74.2%、67.1%～76.8%,实际土壤样品的测定结果与已有研究结果相吻合。方法缺点为无法识别和计算各Aroclor之间的准确比例,可用于应急监测复杂组分样品中多氯联苯的测定。     

H2O2对载银TiO2光催化降解Aroclor1260的影响

光催化氧化法降解水中有机污染物是近来发展较为迅速的废水处理技术，以锐钛型载银TiO2为催化剂，在发射光谱波长为254nm，功率的15W紫外灯照射下，考察不同H2O2浓度对Aroclor1260的光催化降解的影响，结果表明：低浓度的H2O2对Aroclor1260的光催化降解有促进作用，而当H2O2的浓度高于30mol/l时，光催化降解受到抑制，而且这种影响对不同PCB单体化合物的效果基本一致。     

The suitability of gastropods as biomarkers

The measurement and induction of mixed function oxyigenases (MFOs) of limnetic gastropods were investigated to estimate their suitability as biomarkers. A determination of MFO activities was performed through the measurement of ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD), pentoxy-(PROD) and benzoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase-activity (BROD). Optimal measuring conditions of these activities were investigated in preparations of the digestive gland of 4 species of limnetic gastropods. Results indicate that MFO-activity inhibiting substances are accumulating in the microsomal pellet, the fraction commonly used for the measurement of MFO-activities. Therefore, the fraction used for induction studies was the postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS). EROD, PROD, and BROD activity ofPlanorbis planorbis andPlanorbis carinatus were measured after a treatment with Aroclor 1254 for 1–17 days. Maximal induction of EROD and PROD were 6 and 10 times the value in the control group ofP. carinatus, respectively induction inP. planorbis was lower. BROD-activity could not been measured inP. planorbis. InP. carinatus, BROD-activity increased to a maximum of 2 times after traetment with Aroclor 1254. The level of induction of EROD-activity is comparable to results described in analog studies with fish.     

Sources of polychlorinated biphenyl blank contamination and their impact on fingerprinting

Abstract

The development of high-resolution mass spectrometry methods for the measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in environmental samples has dramatically reduced detection limits, leading to problems obtaining clean blanks. When PCBs are detected in samples at concentrations similar to the blanks, blank contamination must be addressed before fingerprinting and source apportionment through positive matrix factorization (PMF) can be successful. We tested a variety of blank correction methods using data from a study of water column concentrations of PCBs in the Spokane River, where concentrations of Σ₂₀₉PCBs in whole water samples averaged 171?pg/L without blank correction and Σ₂₀₉PCBs in the blanks averaged 88?pg/L. The results suggest that subtracting blank masses from sample masses can lead to erroneous results. Instead, censoring at one times the batch-specific blank level is a better approach. The sources of PCBs in field and method blanks were investigated by examining their congener profiles via PMF. The results suggest that commercial PCB formulations (in the US, Aroclors) continue to be the primary source of PCBs in blanks forty years after PCB production and use were banned in the United States. Other sources of PCBs to blanks include PCB 11 from pigments; PCBs 44?+?47?+?65, 45?+?51, and 68 arising from polymers cured using bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide; and PCBs 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 15 and others arising from silicone products derived from phenylsiloxanes, such as silicone-based adhesives.     

Metabolic responses of Eisenia fetida after sub-lethal exposure to organic contaminants with different toxic modes of action

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) - based metabolomics has the potential to identify toxic responses of contaminants within a mixture in contaminated soil. This study evaluated the metabolic response of Eisenia fetida after exposure to an array of organic compounds to determine whether contaminant-specific responses could be identified. The compounds investigated in contact tests included: two pesticides (carbaryl and chlorpyrifos), three pharmaceuticals (carbamazephine, estrone and caffeine), two persistent organohalogens (Aroclor 1254 and PBDE 209) and two industrial compounds (nonylphenol and dimethyl phthalate). Control and contaminant-exposed metabolic profiles were distinguished using principal component analysis and potential contaminant-specific biomarkers of exposure were found for several contaminants. These results suggest that NMR-based metabolomics offers considerable promise for differentiating between the different toxic modes of action (MOA) associated with sub-lethal toxicity to earthworms.