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101.
采用田间试验,研究在污灌菜地上施用生物炭和鸡粪对镉低积累油菜生长和镉吸收的影响,并通过重金属形态分析探讨其作用机理.结果表明,施用添加剂可提高油菜地上部产量,高剂量生物炭和鸡粪复配处理增产效果最佳,最大增产率为174%.施用添加剂可显著降低油菜地上部镉含量,其中,高剂量生物炭和鸡粪复配处理降低效果最佳,最大降低率为72.0%,使所有供试品种地上部镉含量满足食品安全标准要求.施用添加剂可显著降低土壤TCLP提取态镉含量,最大降低率为36.5%.施用生物炭和鸡粪促进土壤镉由活性高的可交换态向活性低的有机结合态或残渣态转化,从而显著降低镉的生物有效性和可迁移性.以上结果表明,种植镉低积累品种同时施用生物炭和鸡粪可以满足油菜在镉污染土壤上安全生产的需要. 相似文献
102.
Meng XUE Yihui ZHOU Zhongyi YANG Biyun LIN Jiangang YUAN Shanshan WU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(2):226-238
Subcellular distributions and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in the leaves, stems and roots were investigated in low-Cd accumulation cultivars and high-Cd accumulation cultivars ofpakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.). Root cell wall played a key role in limiting soil Cd from entering the protoplast, especially in the low-Cd cultivars. The high-Cd cultivars had significantly higher leaf and stem Cd concentrations than the low-Cd cultivars in cell wall fraction, chloroplast/trophoplast fraction, organelle fraction and soluble fraction. In low-Cd cultivars, which were more sensitive and thus had greater physiological needs of Cd detoxification than high-Cd cultivars, leaf vacuole sequestrated higher proportions of Cd. Cd in the form of pectate/protein complexes (extracted by 1 tool. L~ NaC1) played a decisive role in Cd translocation from root to shoot, which might be one of the mechanisms that led to the differences in shoot Cd accumulation between the two types of cultivars. Furthermore, the formation of Cd- phosphate complexes (extracted by 2% HAc) was also involved in Cd detoxification within the roots of pakchoi under high Cd stress, suggesting that the mechanisms of Cd detoxification might be different between low- and high-Cd cultivars. 相似文献
103.
Summary. Summary. Oilseed rape, Brassica napus L. (cv Express),
plants were grown under three different sulphur regimes:
sulphur-free (S0), normal sulphur (Sn, normal field concentration)
and a sulphur-rich (S+, 2 × concentration of Sn). We
performed dual choice oviposition assays with the diamondback
moth, Plutella xylostella, using real plants and,
for the first time with this insect, artificial leaves sprayed
with methanolic leaf-surface extracts. The results mirrored
those of a separate study of preferences for whole plants.
Females laid more eggs on surrogate leaves that were
treated with Sn extracts than on S0 plants, while only a
slight, not significant, difference was observed between
extracts of normal and sulphur-rich plants. This shows
that chemical compounds on the leaf surface mediate the
oviposition preference and that the female insect can
perceive the quality of the host-plants in terms of their
fertilisation status.Since leaf volatiles are known to be oviposition stimulants,
we investigated the effects of leaf-surface extracts on
insect olfactory responses using electroantennograms
(EAGs). In agreement with the behavioural data, we found
that extracts of sulphur-treated plants yielded higher EAG
amplitudes than the S0 extracts. Since the leaf content of the
volatiles isothiocyanates is influenced by sulphur nutrition,
we analysed the extracts for these compounds. Above the
detection threshold of our GC-MS system, no isothiocyanates
were found. Thus, other compounds present in the
surface extracts must be perceived by the antenna.However, the HPLC analysis revealed 11 different
glucosinolates. Progoitrin (2-Hydroxy-3-butenyl) and
gluconapoleiferin (2-Hydroxy-4-pentenyl), which belong to
the hydroxy-alkene class of glucosinolates, were the most
abundant compounds. The total glucosinolate content
sharply increased from S0 to Sn plants, whereas it was slightly
lower in n versus S+ plants. Since it is known that glucosinolates
can stimulate oviposition, it seems likely that the
increased content we observed was influencing the insect
preference in this study too. 相似文献
104.
连续施用鸡粪对菜心产量和重金属含量的影响 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
由于养殖业普遍使用微量元素添加剂,导致禽畜粪中重金属残留过高现象广泛存在.根据养殖场鸡粪含氮量计算其用量(N 0~450 kg·hm-2),进行连续4茬菜心施用鸡粪田间实验,探讨对菜心产量及重金属含量的影响.结果表明,第1、3茬所有施用鸡粪处理菜心产量比单施无机肥处理降低,第2茬则提高,第4茬鸡粪与无机肥配施处理提高了菜心产量.不同茬别菜心产量差别较大,第2茬显著高于其它茬别.从不同处理4茬菜心重金属平均含量来看,施用鸡粪可提高As、Zn含量,降低Cr、Cd含量,对Pb含量无明显影响,配施鸡粪提高Cu含量.除第2茬因产量稀释作用影响外,不同茬别所有处理菜心As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn平均含量随施用茬数增加而提高,Cd平均含量则下降.建议在无公害或绿色食品生产中避免一次性大量施用或连续施用养殖场禽畜粪. 相似文献
105.
106.
洛克沙胂在青菜及土壤中的残留及降解特性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过向土壤中施加含洛克沙胂有机肥的田间试验,研究有机肥中的洛克沙胂在土壤-蔬菜中的降解、迁移转化及残留.结果表明,土壤中施加低浓度的洛克沙胂对青菜的生长具有一定的抑制作用,相比于对照组减产15%~32%;青菜对土壤中砷具有一定的富集作用,且其根部为砷主要蓄积部位;土壤中总砷含量与施入洛克沙胂的量成正相关,并且随着种植时间的延长先升高再下降,最高达12.94 mg·kg-1,土壤无机砷含量随着种植时间的延长先升高并于30 d后趋于稳定,占总砷的66.75%~98.56%;青菜中总砷含量与土壤总砷含量及青菜砷富集系数之间均存在一定的正相关;洛克沙胂在土壤中的降解速率缓慢,含洛克沙胂有机肥量添加量高于5 000 kg·hm-2时,45 d后土壤中有洛克沙胂残留;施入一定量的洛克沙胂能显著提高土壤中细菌的数量,对于霉菌和放线菌的生长,较低浓度的洛克沙胂具有一定的抑制作用,较高浓度的洛克沙胂具有一定的促进作用. 相似文献
107.
Lu Q.Cao Y.Chen Y.Yan Q. 《应用与环境生物学报》2018,(6):1382-1389
The experiments were conducted to investigate the tolerance and enrichment capabilities by elucidating the physiological response and cadmium impact on iron and potassium accumulation amounts of brassica rape hairy roots under different cadmium concentrations by using liquid suspension culture method. The results showed the following. (1) The growth of hairy roots was not significantly different under low cadmium concentrations (below 100 μmol/L), whereas it was obviously inhibited under high cadmium concentrations (more than 100 μmol/L). Further, the maximum fresh weight of brassica rape hairy roots reached 4.34 g under 25 μmol/L cadmium stress after 7 days. (2) The content of ROS in brassica rape hairy roots increased with increasing concentrations of cadmium; the antioxidant enzyme activities of brassica rape hairy roots (SOD, POD, and CAT) decreased first and then increased with increasing cadmium concentrations under 1-day stress, whereas showed an opposite trend under 7-day stress. (3) PI staining and MDA content indicated that cellular damage was more serious with increasing cadmium concentrations. (4) With the increase of cadmium concentrations, cadmium content of hairy roots increased and reached maximum of 2.97 mg/g under 400 μmol/L cadmium stress after 7 days. The iron content also increased significantly with the maximal weight of 14.52 mg/g after 1-day cadmium stress, whereas no significant difference was noted under 7-day cadmium stress. The potassium content under 7-day cadmium stress was 1.6 times of that after 1-day stress (15.73 mg/g). The study showed that the physiological response of Brassica rape hairy roots was correlated with the concentration and time of cadmium stress. Moreover, cadmium stress caused metabolic disorders of iron and potassium in the hairy roots, but the hairy roots of Brassica rape had better enrichment effect on cadmium. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
108.
Inorganic selenium (Se) is absorbed and enriched by plants and converted into a stable and nutritionally important organic form, which subsequently when consumed by humans or animals results in increased Se tissue levels. Brassica is one of the most potent Se-enriched plants. The aim of this study was to compare differences in Se enrichment between two predominant Brassica plants namely Brassica rapa Linn L. and Brassica tumida Tsenet Lee L. on Se metabolic parameters. Plants exposed to soil Se levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5 or 5?mg/kg) were examined on the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Se levels and expression of Se metabolism related genes using soil pots. Data showed that activities of GSH-Px in leaf and root of the two Brassica species were significantly increased in the presence of Se at 2.5?mg/kg. Se concentrations of leaf, stem and root in B. tumida Tsenet Lee L. and B. rapa Linn L. rose from 0.31 to 21.84-fold (leaf), 1.15 to 15.16-fold (stem) and 2.11 to 15.26-fold (root) in the presence of metal in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest expression levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ATP sulfurylase (APS), selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT), serine acetyltransferase (SAT), cysteine desulfurase (CysD) and S-adenosyl-l-Met:l-Met S-methyltransferase (MMT) in leaf of B. rapa Linn L. were found at 1?mg/kg Se. The highest expression levels of ATP, APS, SMT, SAT, CysD and MMT in leaf of B. tumida Tsenet Lee L. were observed at 2.5?mg/kg Se. The Se concentrations in leaf, stem and root of B. rapa Linn L. were higher than in B. tumida Tsenet Lee L. under the same soil Se level conditions. At the same Se level, differences in the expression of Se-related genes were observed between these two Brassica species. Our observations may be used to optimize the utilization of Brassica as a nutritional source of Se by growing this plant under certain soil conditions. 相似文献
109.