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71.
用胶体金免疫定位技术对未成熟油菜种子的子叶细胞中BL的定位研究结果表明,金颗粒除主要分布在细胞核外,细胞质中也有少量金颗粒标记,但液泡和细胞壁中没有观察到金颗粒存在外施TS-303可明显导致未成熟种子的子叶细胞核中金颗粒标记密度的大量增加,说明TS-303很可能只影响幼嫩组织的细胞核. 相似文献
72.
Leaf surface chemicals stimulating oviposition byPieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on cabbage 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary The chemical stimulation of oviposition byPieris rapae on cabbage was investigated by leaf washing and extraction. Isolation of the stimulant by various chromatographic techniques was monitored by a bioassay using Sieva bean as a surrogate host plant. Cold water, chloroform, or chloroform followed by cold water washes failed to release the stimulant from leaf surfaces. Boiling water or chloroform followed by methanol was required. The most active stimulatory compound was identified as 3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate (glucobrassicin). Other glucosinolates were identified as sinigrin, which was only slightly active, and glucoiberin, which was completely inactive as a stimulant. The significance of the selective response ofP. rapae andP. brassicae to different glucosinolates and the implications of the binding of polar allelochemicals to leaf surfaces is discussed with respect to host utilization and perception mechanisms of pierids. 相似文献
73.
《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(3):301-312
Abstract Sustainable ecosystems can be designed to eliminate environmental toxins and reduce pathogen loads through the direct and indirect consequences of plant and microbial activities. We present an approach to the bioremediation of disturbed environments, focusing on petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contaminants. Treatment consists of incorporating a plant-based amendment to enhance ecosystem productivity and physiochemical degradation followed by the establishment of plants to serve as oxidizers and foundations for microbial communities. Promising amendments for widespread use are entire plants of the water fern Azolla and seed meal of Brassica napus (rapeseed). An inexpensive byproduct from the manufacture of biodiesel and lubricants, rapeseed meal is high in nitrogen (6% wt/wt), stimulates >100-fold increases in populations of resident Streptomyces species, and suppresses fungal infection of roots subsequently cultivated in the amended soil. Synergistic enzymatic and chemical activities of plant and microbial metabolism in root zones transform and degrade soil contaminants. Emphasis is given to mechanisms that enable PHC functionalization via reactive molecular species. 相似文献
74.
Summary. Surrogate leaves treated with methanolic leaf
surface extracts of Brassica napus L. (cv Express) plants
that received three different sulphur fertilisation treatments
showed even more marked differences by the oviposition
choice of Delia radicum L. than the potted plants. This
confirms that the oviposition preference of D. radicum is
mediated by chemical compounds on the leaf surface and
that the quality of host-plants in terms of their nutrition
status can be perceived by the female insect.The oviposition data were positively correlated with the
content of fractionated surface extracts containing either
CIF (cabbage identification factor; 1,2-dehydro-3-thia-
4,10,10b-triaza-cyclopenta[.a.]fluorine-1-carboxylic acid)
or glucosinolates. Electrophysiological recordings from the
tarsal chemoreceptor sensilla C5 and D3,4 showed that receptor
neurons react to glucosinolate- and CIF-fractions. We
found that the chemosensory activity of specific glucosinolate-
and CIF-receptor neurons corresponded with the
respective behavioural activity in the oviposition choice
assays. The responses of D. radicum to glucosinolates in
the electrophysiological recordings studies corresponded
to the observed oviposition preference on plants or artificial
leaves characterised with an higher amount of glucosinolates
on leave surfaces. The presented data suggested
that CIF and glucosinolates are involved in host-plant
preference of D. radicum and are perceived by tarsal
chemoreceptors. 相似文献
75.
Effect of SO2-enriched air on the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum Schiff.was investigated by rearing the larvae on rape leaves that had been exposed to 40 or 80 ppb of the air pollutant in field fumigation chambers. An examination on the 11th day showed that the larvae in both treatments survived more, developed markedly faster, their fresh v/eig'ht and mean relative growth rate were significantly greater than those of control insect. Improvement of their growth and development resulted in decrease of total larval duration by 0.5 - 1.0 day. Pupal and adult performances were little affected by SO2 level to which larval food plant was exposed. Possible reason responsible for enhanced growth and development of the insect species was discussed. 相似文献
76.
Nadia Scascighini Letizia Mattiacci Marco D’Alessandro Alan Hern Anja Sybille Rott Silvia Dorn 《Chemoecology》2005,15(2):97-104
Summary. It is well known that feeding by Pieris brassicae caterpillars on cabbage leaves triggers the release of volatiles that attract natural antagonists such as the parasitoid Cotesia glomerata. The temporal dynamics in the emissions of parasitoid attracting volatiles has never been elucidated in this system. In a time course experiment, caterpillar infested leaves attracted the parasitoid within one hour after infestation. At such an early stage of infestation, as much as fifty percent of the parasitoids flew towards the infested plant in a wind tunnel bioassay, while only five percent flew towards the non-infested control plant. Three hours after infestation and later, the response to the volatiles from the infested plant reached its maximum and then continued at a constantly high level for the remaining 14 hours of the experiment. Chemical analyses of volatiles collected from infested leaves at short time intervals during the first 24 hours identified a total of ten compounds, comprising green leaf volatiles, terpenoids, and a nitrile. Significant increase of emission within the first 5 hours following initial herbivory was detected for (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, cineole and benzylcyanide. Subsequently, a coupled bioassay-chemical analysis procedure was developed allowing for testing and analyzing the same sample for future identification of the bioactive compounds. This was achieved by using stir bar sorptive extraction for the analysis of solvent extracts of caterpillar-damaged leaves. 相似文献
77.
78.
本试验以盆栽方式,设置施不同形态的肥料共10个处理,以菜心为供试作物.测定土壤pH值、菜心产量、菜心植株的含镉量.试验结果表明:(1)10个处理对菜心的产量无显著影响;(2)土壤的pH值与植物的吸镉量呈负相关;土壤的pH值与所施肥料的形态有关,硝态氮肥可以减少植物的吸镉量,铵态氮肥也有一定的效果,硫酸铵则增加植物的吸镉量;磷肥、钾肥效果不显著,不同形态肥料之间的差异未达到显著水平;(3)有机复合肥对减少植物的吸镉量有一定的作用. 相似文献
79.
通过盆栽试验 ,研究了B、K、Mn、Mg、Zn、Co对青菜中硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明 :增施硼酸钠后第 2 0天 ,青菜硝酸盐含量比对照降低 1 4 84%~ 1 9 56 % ;增施K、Mn、Mg、Zn、Co也能降低青菜硝酸盐含量。每盆增施0 1gZnSO4 后第 1 0天 ,青菜中硝酸盐含量比对照减少 1 8 96 % ,每盆增施 0 1gK2 SO4 后第 2 0天 ,青菜中硝酸盐含量比对照减少 2 1 42 % ;矿质元素的施用量对青菜硝酸盐含量影响较大。 相似文献
80.
X.J. Jiang Y.M. Luo Q. Liu S.L. Liu Q.G. Zhao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(2):319-324
Plants that hyperaccumulate metals are ideal subjects for studying the mechanisms of metal and mineral nutrient uptake in the plant kingdom. Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) has been shown to accumulate moderate levels of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu. In this experiment, 10 levels of Cd concentration treatments were imposed by adding 10–190 mg Cd kg–1 to the soils as cadmium nitrate [Cd(NO3)2]. The effect of Cd on phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and the micronutrients iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in B. juncea was studied. Plant growth was affected negatively by Cd, root biomass decreased significantly at 170 mg Cd kg–1 dry weight soils treatment. Cadmium accumulation both in shoots and roots increased with increasing soil Cd treatments. The highest concentration of Cd was up to 300 mg kg–1 d.w. in the roots and 160 mg kg–1 d.w. in the shoots. The nutrients mainly affected by Cd were P, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn in the roots, and P, K, Ca, and Cu in the shoots. K and P concentrations in roots increased significantly when Cd was added at 170 mg kg–1, and this was almost the same level at which root growth was inhibited. Zn concentrations in roots decreased significantly when added Cd concentration was increased from 50 to 110 mg kg–1, then remained constant with Cd treatments from 110 to 190 mg kg–1. However, Zn concentrations in the shoots seemed less affected by Cd. It is possible that Zn uptake was affected by the Cd but not the translocation of Zn within the plant. Ca and Mg accumulation in roots and shoots showed similar trends. This result indicates that Ca and Mg uptake is a non-specific process. 相似文献