间伐对杉木人工林林下植被多样性及生物量的影响

对间伐了4年的杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata（Lamb.）Hook.）人工林林下植被的生物量和生物多样性进行了调查和分析。结果表明：林下植被相似系数随着间伐强度增加而增加;间伐显著提高了林下植被的物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Weiner指数和生物量（P〈0.05）,而对均匀度指数无显著影响（P〉0.05）;强度和中度间伐显著增加了灌木生物量,而草本生物量在弱度和中度间伐下显著增加（P〈0.05）;3种间伐强度均显著提高草本的物种丰富度、Simpson指数和Shannon-Weiner指数,而灌木的3种指数仅在强和中度间伐下得到显著提高（P〈0.05）。     

2008年中国大陆地震灾害损失述评

在列出2008年中国5级以上地震目录的基础上,结合有关省(自治区、直辖市)地震局的地震灾害评估资料,总结出2008年中国大陆地震灾害的主要数据和特性。最后对1990-2008年中国大陆地震灾害的相应数据进行了简要的比较分析。     

Safety performance measurement in collectivized oil companies in China: Contribution of leading indicators to lagging indicators

With the collectivization of the Chinese oil industry, oil companies have been expanding in size. However, the intensified differences in the safety performance of subsidiaries have severely hindered the collaborative management of the headquarters. Understanding the safety status of each member is urgent for parent companies and their subsidiaries to identify gaps and make improvements. A unified set of safety performance indicators and a practical measurement tool are essential for the Chinese oil industry. Hence, this study identified a set of safety performance indicators encompassing both leading and lagging indicators using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and entropy weight method (EWM) to reveal the critical factors affecting the safety performance of the oil industry. A total of 300 front-line workers from eight subsidiaries of an oil company participated in the survey. The identified indicators were preliminarily weighted using EWM. Then, DEA was employed to measure the safety performance of the eight subsidiaries, demonstrating that management commitment was the most crucial factor in distinguishing safety performance; safety culture was more differentiated than risk management. Safety performance was not entirely positively correlated with safety investments, but the reasonable allocation of safety resources played a vital role. In addition, the weaknesses in each subsidiary's safety management were identified, and the quantitative effects of each leading indicator on safety performance were obtained.