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161.
Steinman AD Biddanda B Chu X Thompson K Rediske R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):177-189
Groundwater withdrawal has major economic, social, and environmental implications. In Michigan, recent legislative activity
has begun to address the issue of groundwater sustainability. However, more hydrologic data are needed to help inform policy
and legislation. A study was conducted in Mecosta County, Michigan to: (1) determine if a relationship could be established
between land use/land cover and groundwater quality; and (2) develop a conceptual model for the shallow groundwater system
of the study region. In general, groundwater quality was good, with below detection levels of E. coli, low total bacterial counts, and relatively low nutrient concentrations. No statistically significant associations were found
between the bacterial numbers and either land use or the physical/chemical attributes measured, which may be because the scale
of our spatial analysis was too coarse to detect patterns. Finer-scale, localized processes may have a greater influence on
microorganism growth and abundance than coarser-scale, regional processes in this area. Our groundwater analysis suggested
that shallow groundwater flow paths are generally consistent with regional surface water flow networks, and that shallow groundwater
levels in most of the region have fluctuated within 1–2 m over the past 30 years, with no obvious increasing or decreasing
trend. 相似文献
162.
The International Joint Commission's Water Quality Board has identified 42 Areas of Concern in the Great Lakes ecosystem where Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement objectives or jurisdictional standards, criteria or guidelines, established to protect uses, have been exceeded and remedial actions are necessary to restore beneficial uses. As a result of the 1985 report of the Water Quality Board, the eight Great Lakes states and the Province of Ontario committed themselves to developing a remedial action plan (RAP) to restore all uses in each Area of Concern within their political boundaries. Each RAP must identify the specific measures necessary to control existing sources of pollution, abate existing contamination (e.g., contaminated sediments), and restore all beneficial uses. Points which must be explicitly addressed in each RAP include: geographic extent of problem, beneficial uses impaired, causes of problems, remedial measures and a schedule for implementation, responsible agencies, and surveillance and monitoring activities that will be used to track effectiveness of remedial actions. The jurisdictions are responsible for developing RAPs, and the International Joint Commission is responsible for evaluating the adequacy of each RAP and tracking progress in restoring beneficial uses. 相似文献
163.
164.
Monte L 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(2):73-83
The present work illustrates the customisation and application of the decision support system MOIRA-PLUS (a MOdel-based computerised system for management support to Identify optimal remedial strategies for Restoring radionuclide contaminated Aquatic ecosystems and drainage areas) to the fresh water environment in Italy. MOIRA-PLUS is aimed at evaluating the behaviour of radiocaesium and radiostrontium in fresh water ecosystems and at assessing the appropriateness of suitable strategies for the management of contaminated water bodies by the application of multi-attribute analysis techniques. MOIRA-PLUS can be applied to complex networks of lakes, rivers and tributaries and can be straightforwardly customised utilising data and information from readily accessible sources such as official websites provided by scientific or government organisations. The present work shows an application of the decision system to 10 lakes and 18 rivers in Italy contaminated with 137Cs of Chernobyl origin. Site-specific values of some aggregated transfer parameters were estimated for the most important Italian lakes. Although high values of fish and water consumptions were hypothesised, very low doses to public from the fresh water pathway following the accident were calculated. 相似文献
165.
Sigurd Rognerud Vladimir A. Dauvalter Eirik Fjeld Brit Lisa Skjelkvåle Guttorm Christensen Nickolay Kashulin 《Ambio》2013,42(6):724-736
A large copper–nickel smelter complex is located at the Kole Penninsula, Russia, close to the Norwegian border. Trace-element concentrations in surface sediments (0–0.5 cm) and pre-industrial sediments from 45 lakes in the region were used to uncover spatial deposition patterns and contamination factor of sediments. Elevated concentrations were found, especially for Ni and Cu, but also for Pb, Co, Hg, As, and Cd. Highest concentrations were found up to 20 km from the smelter, but the concentrations decreased exponentially with distance from the smelter. Increasing Ni, Cu, As, and Hg concentrations from sub-surface to surface sediments were found for lakes at intermediate distances (20–60 km). This may reflect recent changes in atmospheric depositions, as shown in nearby Norwegian areas. However, we cannot rule out that this also may have been caused by diagenetic processes, especially for the most redox-sensitive elements such as As. 相似文献
166.
Ben P. Clifford 《Local Environment》2013,18(1):110-131
Public participation in planning is frequently linked to ideas of environmental justice and sustainability; yet, despite the voluminous literature on the topic, the reaction of frontline planning professionals to the broadly pro-participation agendas of central and devolved government in Great Britain has not been sufficiently examined. This is important because of their role in implementing such agendas, and the space for frontline professionals to shape the contours of reform. Drawing on extensive empirical material, I explore the reaction of local authority planners to participation policies, finding divided opinion as to whether more participation is needed to improve planning, but a strong framing of participation as something requiring careful management. I conclude that planners are broadly supportive of participation so long as they are in control, which can be understood through an institutionalist perspective that suggests there will be a similar reaction to further, ongoing, efforts to make planning more participatory. 相似文献
167.
Levan Elbakidze 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(4):841-849
ABSTRACT: Effects of climate change are likely to be detected in nearly all sectors and regions of the economy, with both winners and losers. One of the consequences of climatic changes could be altered regional water supplies. This paper presents an investigation of regional agricultural implications of changes in water availability. Specifically, using a profit maximization approach, the economic consequences of altered water availability in the Great Basin of Nevada are analyzed in terms of the effects on net returns of agricultural producers. Under the scenarios analyzed in this paper, it is found that with adequate water systems, increase in streamflow and consequent increase in water availability could significantly benefit agricultural producers of this region. Net returns to irrigators could increase by 8 to 13 percent, not taking into account the possibility of changes in crop yields and prices. It is also shown that the benefits from increased water availability are sensitive to likely crop yield and price changes. The potential for adverse effects of climatic changes on water supply is also considered by analyzing the effects of decreased water availability. Under decreased water availability scenarios, farmer net returns decrease substantially. 相似文献
168.
Anna C. Hurlimann 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(1):83-94
The emergence of a global water crisis has seen the necessity for a sustainable approach to water management. Policies directed
towards water recycling have been implemented in many regions of the world. In Australia, prolonged drought conditions in
most major cities during the past decade have led to serious national calls for less drinking water to be used (Prime Minister’s
Science Engineering and Innovation Council, 2003), and a strategic policy response from many State Governments, including
bold targets for water recycling. A key consideration to the realisation of these policies is greater understanding of community
attitudes to recycled water use, without which, a number of recycled water projects have failed (Hurlimann and McKay, 2004).
Despite the critical nature of community attitudes, little research has been conducted, especially in relation to perception
of risk, which has been found to be critical in the adoption of new technologies (Cvetkovich and Lofstedt, 1999). This paper
investigates an urban Australian community’s perception of risk involved with using recycled water. Key findings include:
perception of risk increased as the use of recycled water became increasingly personal. Perception of risk was significantly
negatively related to trust, perception of fairness and information. Trust in the Water Authority to manage risk was significantly
related to perception of trust, communication and integrity of the Authority. 相似文献
169.
Nancy A. Connelly Tommy L. Brown Jonathan W. Brown 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(4):1016-1023
Abstract: The purpose of this article was to show how the value of recreational boating can be assessed and how that value can be linked to water levels. Data were gathered via a survey of recreational boaters to determine days boated and willingness‐to‐pay (net economic value) for boating on Lake Ontario and on the St. Lawrence River in 2002. Depth measurements were taken at marinas and yacht clubs, boat launch ramps, and private docks. Stage‐damage curves were used to pinpoint at what water levels and to what extent boaters would be impacted. Boaters recreated an estimated 1.3 million days in 2002 and spent an estimated US$178 million in New York counties bordering Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. The mean net economic value per day per boat (above current expenditures) was $69.36, with an estimated total net economic value of US$90 million. Using Lake Ontario as an example, the stage‐damage curves show that the overall negative impact would be small, between 245 and 248 ft. Maintaining water levels within that range for the entire boating season would be ideal for Lake Ontario boaters and associated businesses. 相似文献
170.
Michael Matson Craig P. Berg 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(1):122-128
ABSTRACT: On June 15, 1977, an unusual brightness anomaly was detected in the north arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah, on NOAA-5 Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) visible band imagery and on Landsat-2 multispectral visual band imagery. Retrospective inspection of NOAA-3, 4, and 5 satellite imagery from 1974–77 revealed 12 previous cases of the anomaly, whereas post monitoring documented nine other cases through May 1978. Comparison of lake levels in the north arm with meteorological parameters leads to the conclusion that the anomalous brightness is associated with wind induced seiches in the north arm. Apparently the wind induces a lower water depth, turbulence, and mixing throughout the water column in the western third of the north arm, thus increasing the brightness of the surface waters chiefly from sediment resuspension. 相似文献