长江流域可持续农业发展管理机制研究

文章首先阐述了建立可持续农业发展管理机制的必要性与原则 ,在分析长江流域可持续农业发展面临的问题及其原因的基础上 ,提出了长江流域可持续农业发展管理机制的具体内容     

黑河流域产业结构与生态环境耦合关系辨识

产业结构作为人类作用于生态环境的主要环节．与区域资源、环境存在着显著的互动关系。在生态环境脆弱、水资源紧缺的西北干旱区内陆河流域,由于产业发展与流域生态环境及水资源的空间分布不相吻合．导致生态环境严重退化．目前亟需深入研究产业结构与生态环境的耦合关系。本文以黑河流域为典型研究区,通过建立生态环境质量及产业结构效益指标体系,对黑河流域上、中、下游的生态环境质量和产业结构效益作了综合评价,并对二者的耦合关系进行了定量辨识。结果表明：黑河流域产业结构效益自上游向下游在空间上呈倒“U”型,而生态环境质量与环境产业协调度沿河自上游向下游具有基本一致的变化趋势,都依次降低,说明现阶段黑河流域沿河自上游向下游,产业结构对生态环境的依赖性逐渐降低,而破坏性逐渐上升。     

流域核心-边缘结构模式探讨——以赣江流域为例

流域作为区域经济中的重要地域单元,其总体空间结构规律却一直没有得到系统的归纳与总结。在介绍与评价施坚雅流域核心 边缘结构模式的基础上,对赣江流域空间结构特征与历史演化过程进行了较为深入的实证分析。结果表明,赣江流域可分为核心区、过渡区、边缘区,体现出明显的核心 边缘空间结构特征;山、江、湖,作为构成赣江流域的三大要素,其间存在着内在的时空耦合关系。具体而言,赣江流域最大的河流赣江纵贯流域南北,注入全国最大的淡水湖——鄱阳湖,成为连结上游山区和下游湖区的纽带,山、江、湖彼此相连,息息相关,构成一个互相关联、互为依托的生态大系统。因此,有必要将山江湖作为一个有机整体,不论在生态环境治理上,资源综合开发上,还是在工农业发展布局上,都应统筹兼顾,合理安排,进行全面的、有步骤的综合开发治理和建设。     

Stakeholder responses to future flood management ideas in the Rhine River Basin: nature or neighbour in Hell’s Angle

Summary This article identifies responses of stakeholders to future management of the Rhine River Basin, notably to the plan Rhine In The Future. This plan foresees the construction of a bypass between the rivers Rhine and IJssel, the Green River. The Green River would be a nature reserve area that can be flooded during high water discharges. The inhabitants of the area would be permanently relocated. Their defence of stakes will be coloured by patterns of acting and thinking that belong to respectively postmodernity, modernity and pre-modernity. These different colourings show in negotiation skills, levels of organisations, alertness, power positions, and access to local and outside resources. Most local stakeholders appreciate the postmodern environmentalism that leads to the greening of river management, but regret the loss of their strong, pre-modern, social cohesion. Whereas they consider national interests in a rather balanced way, they doubt the necessity of the bypass for safety reasons. They have confidence in financial compensations for relocation, but will negotiate about these compensations with skill and determination. Their tactics will be reinforced by collective efforts that stem from their social cohesion.One professor says it will be dryer, the other one says it will be wetter.We all have mobile telephones so we know it when the water comes.The social cohesion of this community will be lost forever.When youre not bought out youll be the real victim.We like to have a nature reserve area around here.     

长江中游潜沼化土壤的限制因子及其对策研究

研究表明，地下水和单一的种植结构与利用方式，是长江中游地区潜沼化土壤生产力的主要限制因子，在调查和田间试验的基础上，在国家目前难以实现配套水利工程设施的条件下，提出了以生物措施为主，结合小型工程措施进行综合改良利用，治渍改土的切实可行的方案，在优化农业结构的前提下，比较了诸多优化模式，通过田间试验，筛选出诸如退田还湖，种植水生经济植物，垄稻沟鱼及各种轮作方式，同时适当引进耐潜作物品种，实行配方施肥     

Estimates of (239+240)Pu inventories in Gdańsk Bay and Gdańsk basin

This paper presents and discusses the results of (239+240)Pu determinations in different components of Gdańsk bay and Gdańsk basin ecosystem, as well as estimated sources and inventories of plutonium in these basins. The total plutonium (239+240)Pu activities deposited in Gdańsk bay and Gdańsk basin sediments are 1.18 TBq and 3.77 TBq, respectively. Two rivers, the Vistula and Neman rivers, and atmospheric fallout were distinguished as the main sources of plutonium in these basins. In seawater (with suspended matter included) there is about 2.33 GBq (239+240)Pu (0.2% of total activity) in Gdańsk bay and 9.92 GBq (239+240)Pu (0.3% of total activity) in Gdańsk basin. In both cases, 56% of (239+240)Pu is associated with suspended matter. Organisms contain 3.81 MBq in Gdańsk bay and 7.45 MBq (239+240)Pu in Gdańsk basin. From this value in Gdańsk bay 82.1% of plutonium is associated with zoobenthos, 13.6% with phytobenthos, 1.6% with phytoplankton, 1.5% with zooplankton and 1.2% with fish. In Gdańsk basin, 83.2% is associated with zoobenthos, 7.5% with phytobenthos, 3.6% with phytoplankton, 3.2% with zooplankton and 2.5% with fish.     

长江流域旱涝灾害的某些统计特征

本文着重分析了长江流域近40a来旱涝灾害的一些统计特征及其影响,指出了该流域旱涝灾害的演变趋势,以及人类活动对灾害加剧的主导作用。     

嘉陵江流域四川盆地段历代洪水研究

嘉陵江流域地理环境特殊，洪水频发，且多发生在四川盆地段，对该段流域人民的生产生活构成很大威胁，了解嘉陵江流域洪水的规律和形成原因．并进一步探讨防洪措施，将有利于对流域的综合治理，减少洪灾损失。     

WATER ALLOCATION POLICY MODELING FOR THE DONG NAI RIVER BASIN: AN INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE1

Abstract: Recent water sector reforms and increased scarcity and vulnerability of water resources, combined with declining public funding available for large scale infrastructure investment in the sector, have led to a greater awareness by the Government of Vietnam for the need to analyze water resource allocation and use in an integrated fashion, at the basin scale, and from a perspective of economic efficiency. In this study we focus on the development, application, and selected policy analyses using an integrated economic hydrologic river basin model for the Dong Nai River Basin in southern Vietnam. The model framework depicts the sectoral structure and location of water users (agriculture, industry, hydropower, domestic, and the environment) and the institutions for water allocation in the basin. Water benefit functions are developed for the major water uses subject to physical limitations and to constraints of system control and policy. Based on this modeling framework, we will analyze policies that can affect water allocation and use at the basin level, including both basin-specific and general macroeconomic policies.     

大辽河流域上游非点源污染输出风险分析

为了解土地利用的组合方式对氮磷输出的影响,在广泛收集土地利用输出系数的基础上,基于遥感和GIS手段,分析了大伙房水库控制流域内营养物质氮磷的输出风险.结果表明,大伙房水库控制流域非点源污染输出的风险概率比较小,氮素和磷素的风险概率平均为19.31%和8.95%.但在空间分布上差异很大,风险概率高的地方一般在主要的河流附近,沿河流流向延伸.而其它区域的风险概率相对较低.此外,营养物质输出风险随着坡度不同差别比较大,而在行政区内差别不明显.