An evaluation of mercury emissions from the chlor-alkali industry in China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅ ａｌｋａｌｉｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌｐａｒｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ .Ｎｏｗ ,ｔｈｒｅｅｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃｃｅｌｌｓａｒｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅｇａｓａｎｄｃａｕｓｔｉｃｓｏｄａ:ｔｈｅＨｇｃｅｌｌ,ｔｈｅｄｉａｐｈｒａｇｍｃｅｌｌ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｃｅｌｌ.Ｃｈｉｎａｉｓｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｄｉａｐｈｒａｇｍｃｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｔｙｐｅ.Ｎａ…     

Hg、Cd对阿匍虾虎鱼及黑褐新糠虾的急性毒性影响

通过在水中添加重金属Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ的方法，获得了这两种金属对阿匍虾虎鱼和风褐新糠虾的９６ｈ半致死浓度（ＬＣ５０），结果表明Ｈｇ对阿匍虾虎鱼和黑褐新糠虾的９６ｈ急性毒性要比Ｃｄ的大，且Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ对黑褐新糠虾的９６ｈ急性毒性要比阿匍虾虎鱼的大。     

长春市大气颗粒汞污染特征及影响因子分析

应用大流量大气采样器采集的TSP样品测定了长春市4个功能区及一个对照点的大气颗粒汞浓度。结果表明，大气颗粒汞体积浓度（Cv）与单位重量颗粒物上的汞含量（Cm)在时间上呈相似的变化趋势，采暖期高于非采暖期。而在空间上则相反，Cv市区大于对照点，对Cm则对照点大于市区，说明了大气颗粒汞主要结合在细粒径的颗粒物上。TSP与大气颗粒汞浓度呈正相关关系，它是大气颗粒汞浓度的决定性因素；降水是影响大气颗粒汞的主要气象因子，燃煤与地面扬尘是大气颗粒汞的两个主要来源。     

贵州梵净山自然保护区大气汞的沉降

以铜仁汞矿为点源，研究对梵净山汞的辐射、沉降及流通影响．在海拔５００ｍ的梵净山定位测定，应用Ｍｏｓｂａｇ方法，评价梵净山Ｈｇ的干湿沉降的累积是１１５μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１，干沉降大约占总沉降的５０％，通过测定苔藓生物量和Ｈｇ含量估算Ｈｇ的总沉降量为８５０μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１，Ｈｇ的流通量平均为２１０μｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１，Ｈｇ的总沉降占总流通量８０％．Ｈｇ在梵净山沉降累积随高度变化关系明显，海拔２０００ｍ以下时汞的沉降累积量较大，和苔藓植物指示汞含量变化关系相一致．     

银杏叶提取物对普通小球藻Hg~(2 )毒害保护作用的研究

本文研究了Hg2 对普通小球藻的致毒效应与银杏叶提取物的保护作用。试验显示 :普通小球藻的生理代谢活动对Hg2 敏感 ,单Hg2 处理系列组 ,随着Hg2 浓度提高 ,普通小球藻生长量降低 ;可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性、总抗氧化能力等在Hg2 0～ 3mg L- 1范围内应激升高 ,4～ 5mg L- 1时升高幅度下降 ;而O2 - 、MDA、脂质氢过氧化物含量均在供处理Hg2 浓度范围内持续上升 ,表现出Hg2 促进O2 - 、MDA与脂质氢过氧化物的积累 ,显示出Hg2 的毒害效应。Hg2 加银杏叶提取物 (EGb)复合处理普通小球藻结果表明 :EGb可以显著提高普通小球藻的生物量 ;促进普通小球藻的生长 ;减少普通小球藻内O2 -的生成 ,减缓普通小球藻内SOD活性与总抗氧化能力的提高 ,最终降低MDA与脂质氢过氧化物的积累 ,从而显著减轻Hg2 的毒害作用。     

农田土壤重金属汞、镉污染的治理措施

介绍了农田土壤重金属汞、镉污染的原因、特点以及目前常用的去除农田土壤重金属汞、镉的措施.     

高锰酸钾─硫酸─过硫酸钾消化冷原子荧光法测定总悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞

测定环境大气悬浮颗粒物中痕量汞，用４种消化液进行对比实验，其中高锰酸钾─硫酸─过硫酸钾混合液消化效果较好，用冷原子荧光测定操作简便，检测下限为０．０５μｇ／Ｌ，重复测定９个实际样品，相对标准偏差为１１．６％，变异系数为１０．４％，添加汞标准回收率为１０２％。     

A Simple Field Method to Determine Mercury Volatilization from Soils (3 pp)

Background Estimations of gaseous mercury volatilization from soils are often complex, stationary and expensive. Our objective was to develop a mobile and more simple, easy to handle and more cost-effective field method allowing rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions from soils. Methods. The study site is located in Germany, about 100 kilometers south-westerly of Berlin and influenced by the river Elbe and its tributary Saale river. The site is representative for a lot of other floodplain locations at the river Elbe and highly polluted with Hg and other heavy metals. For our study we developed a system consisting of a glass chamber gas, two gold traps, a battery operated pump and a gas meter. Adsorbed total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the gold traps was determined by use of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results and Discussion. In contrast to the common used flux chambers we designed a chamber without inlet and named it gas suck up chamber (GSC). TGM fluxes determined with the GSC showed a very close linear correlation (r = 0.993) between the TGM content in the gold traps and the corresponding pumped gas volume. The TGM adsorbed, increased proportional with increasing gas volume indicating homogenous concentrations of gaseous mercury in the soil air sucked. In contrast to the commonly used dynamic flux chamber with the aim of precisely measuring actual fluxes of Hg from a defined soil area, we focused on developing of a measurement system which will allow rapid estimates of potential Hg emissions of a site. Earlier research at the study site indicated a high potential for releasing volatile Hg from the soil to the atmosphere. Indeed, due to the high Hg content of the soil significant amounts of TGM could be detected and no shortage was reached. Conclusion. Our initial measurements are still too few in number neither to generalize the achieved results nor discuss controlling factors and processes. However, we are pleased to communicate that the developed GSC is well suited to become an effective sampling set up to rapidly estimate the magnitude of Hg volatilization from soils. Outlook. Further measurements at other polluted locations are necessary to verify the GSC method. In addition the use of a mercury analyzer instead of gold traps is planned for faster risk assessments.     

砷、汞、镉质控混合水样的配制

本文讨论了质控混合水样的配制方法,叙述了质控样品的均匀性、稳定性试验及定值的原则和方法,详实地列出了有关统计检验方法。在现有实验室条件下,可以配制出满足监测工作需要的质量控制样品。     

ZnCl_2溶液对褐煤半焦表面性质及其中高温脱汞性能的影响

利用ZnCl_2溶液对褐煤进行浸渍后在700℃条件下热解制备改性半焦,采用N2吸附/脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等手段对ZnCl_2处理前后两种半焦表面物化性质进行了表征,在小型固定床反应器上研究了ZnCl_2溶液浸渍处理前后褐煤半焦对气态单质汞(Hg~0)的脱除性能.结果表明,经过ZnCl_2处理得到的半焦(ZSC)具有发达的孔隙结构,其表面含氧官能团含量和数量有所提高,并出现了新的C-Cl基团;在100~360℃温度范围内,制备的改性半焦ZSC的脱汞效率随温度升高而降低,但在中高温条件下仍表现出良好的脱汞性能;在化学吸附过程中,气态Hg0被C-Cl基团氧化为HgCl或HgCl_2,同时Hg~0与半焦表面含氧官能团结合生成HgO,Hg~0最终以HgCl_2或HgO的形式附着在半焦表面.