直接大红4BE染料吸附脱色真菌的分离及特性研究

通过梯度富集培养,筛选到一株偶氮染料直接大红4BE吸附脱色真菌HS-DY08,该菌在基础培养基中,30℃、150r/min条件下,24h内对浓度为30mg/L的直接大红4BE的吸附脱色率达92%。脱色液动态扫描结果显示,随着HS-DY08菌株对染料的吸附脱色降解,直接大红4BE的吸收峰(526nm)明显降低,中间产物(325nm)的吸收峰逐渐升高,且染料吸附过程中菌体生长量增加,表明菌株对染料的吸附脱色过程中伴随着对染料的生物降解和利用。不同的共基质底物对直接大红4BE吸附脱色能力的促进作用依次为:PDB>葡萄糖>蛋白胨>NH4Cl。结合形态特征及显微观察结果,初步鉴定HS-DY08为青霉属(Pemnicillium sp.)。     

一株高效十四烷降解菌的筛选及降解条件优化

采集某炼油厂废水处理车间的回流污泥,以十四烷作为唯一碳源筛选分离到一株高效十四烷降解菌。经形态学观察和生理生化特征研究,鉴定为布兰汉氏球菌(Branhamella sp.)。对其降解十四烷的条件进行了优化,实验结果表明,最适降解条件为接种量0.5%,温度35℃,初始pH=7,碳氮摩尔比为0.4:1,在最佳条件下,当十四烷的初始浓度约为50mg/L时,在12h内降解率高达98%以上。     

金属离子对蒽、菲、芘生物降解过程的影响

对驯化筛选的多环芳烃(PAHs)高效降解菌CN4与CN2进行了深入研究,澄清了金属离子对其降解多环芳烃的作用,得出结论:对于CN2、CN4降解菌,Mn2+与常量Ca2+、Mg2+同时存在于降解体系中时,对蒽和菲降解起到明显促进作用。Cu2+和常量元素Ca2+、Mg2+混合对菲降解也起到促进作用,但没有Mn2+的促进作用明显。不加任何常量和微量金属元素离子的体系对蒽、菲、芘的降解作用仅次于含Mn2+的降解体系,加入Cu2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Zn2+对CN2降解蒽、芘产生抑制作用,加入Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+对CN2降解菲产生促进作用。Mn2+主要是在降解过程中发挥作用的,外加不同浓度的Mn2+制备的菌悬液,对芘的降解作用基本没有差别。在制备菌悬液时加入Mn2+,菌体对Mn2+有富集作用,但Mn2+的存在与否并不影响菌体的生长繁殖状况。降解体系中加入Mn2+能够有效促进降解过程的进行,加入0.5 mmol/L的Mn2+对CN4菌株降解芘的促进作用最大,而在降解体系中一次性加入5.0 mmol/L的Mn2+则会对降解产生抑制作用。     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.     

Microbial biodegradation of microcystin-RR by bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A strain,USTB-05,isolated from Lake Dianchi,China,degraded the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-RR(MC-RR) at the rate of 16.7 mg/L per day.Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the strain was Sphingopyxis sp.Enzymatic degradation pathways for MC-RR by Sphingopyxis sp.USTB-05 were identified.Adda-Arg peptide bond of MC-RR was cleaved and then a hydrogen and a hydroxyl were combined onto the NH 2 group of Adda and the carboxyl group of arginine to form a linear molecule as intermediate product within the ...     

Decolorization of molasses melanoidins and palm oil mill effluent phenolic compounds by fermentative lactic acid bacteria

Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM) decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM decolorization ( 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition. It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L. plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated palm oil mill effluent.     

Decolorization of molasses melanoidins and palm oil mill e uent phenolic compounds by fermentative lactic acid bacteria

Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM) decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM decolorization (> 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition. It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L. plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated palm oil mill e uent.     

4株邻苯二甲酸二丁酯降解菌的分离鉴定及其相关降解基因的克隆

从土壤中分离纯化出4株能降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的菌株,分别命名为JDC-1、JDC-8、JDC-9、JDC-12,并对其进行了形态学、生理生化及分子生物学鉴定.菌株革兰氏染色阳性,16S rDNA序列分析显示4株菌均与节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.)有99%以上的序列相似性,初步判断这4株菌为Arthrobacter sp..通过PCR扩增及克隆,均获得了1个约900 bp的DNA片段,测序结果显示该片段与Arthrobacter keyseri的邻苯二甲酸3,4-双加氧酶基因的核苷酸序列相似性为96%以上.对4株菌的最适生长条件及对DBP的降解能力进行了分析,结果显示,4株菌的最适生长条件为pH 7.0~8.5,温度30~35℃.以DBP作为目标测试物,在适宜条件下测试了4株菌的降解能力,显示这4株菌均为高效降解菌,效率最高的JDC-1能在28 h内将500 mg/L的DBP降解完全,最慢的JDC-8经40 h能将500 mg/L的DBP降解完全,本研究对于DBP降解机制的研究及微生物资源的开发都具有重要意义.     

“Achromobacter sp. CH-1-Cr(Ⅵ)-H2O”体系Cr(Ⅵ)还原的电化学行为

采用循环伏安法探明了"Achromobacter sp.CH-1-Cr(Ⅵ)-水"体系的电化学行为.结果表明:循环伏安曲线上-0.62V(相对于SCE)的电流峰对应的反应为Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ)的反应,在电势为-0.82V时Cr(Ⅲ)开始还原为零价铬.体系中的电极反应为不可逆过程,阳极扫描时Cr(Ⅲ)不会被重新氧化为Cr(Ⅵ).细菌的存在使Cr(Ⅵ)的还原更容易进行,其还原峰电势正移约0.2 V,细菌对体系中的电化学反应起了催化作用.随细菌量的增加,氢气的析出、六价铬还原为三价铬及三价铬进一步还原为零价铬的电势均发生了正移,过高的细菌量主要影响三价铬还原沉积为金属铬的过程.铬浓度对细菌还原Cr(Ⅵ)溶液的循环伏安曲线的影响不大.初始pH值为10是细菌还原Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳pH值.     

Enterobacter sp.CV-v对孔雀石绿的脱色特性及机理研究

采用单因素实验研究了各种操作因素对菌株Enterobacter sp.CV-v降解孔雀石绿的影响.结果表明,在供试碳源中,葡萄糖对脱色的促进效果最为显著,而供试氮源中,酵母粉对脱色的促进效果最优;同时,供试金属离子中,锰离子对脱色的促进效果最优.在p H=3.0~10.0、温度20~50℃之间时,菌株CV-v对孔雀石绿的12 h脱色率在90%以上.此外,该菌株可在6 h内完全脱色浓度低于500 mg·L-1的孔雀石绿.动力学实验结果表明,该菌株对孔雀石绿脱色的动力学数据与一级动力学模型拟合度最好(R2=0.9755).酶分析实验结果表明,锰过氧化物酶和孔雀石绿还原酶可能与菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿相关.此外,代谢产物分析实验结果表明,菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿的主要产物为二甲氨基二苯甲酮和4-羟基-N,N-二甲基苯铵.