活性炭/过一硫酸盐降解水中金橙Ⅱ:活性炭的循环利用

研究了常温常压下颗粒状活性炭(GAC)与过一硫酸盐(PMS)联合体系降解水中金橙Ⅱ时GAC可循环利用的问题.实验发现,本体系中GAC可以重复使用,循环4次后GAC的催化活性只降低了4.6%.说明该体系具有较好的GAC再生能力,氧化剂的用量越大再生能力越强.在GAC催化PMS降解金橙Ⅱ的过程中,PMS可能会氧化GAC的表面,使得GAC的催化能力得以加强.同时发现该体系中仅是GAC的催化能力得到很好的再生,而吸附能力并没有得到再生.当GAC几乎失去吸附能力时,催化能力仍几乎能保持不变.当PMS与金橙Ⅱ的物质的量之比为20∶1时,连续流实验进行10 d,GAC的催化活性仍未减弱,GAC的使用寿命较长.该体系具有很好的实际应用潜力.     

生物样品中含PBDEs在内的复合污染组分的抗雌激素效应

为初步探讨电子废物拆解导致的多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)及其类似物构成的复合污染的潜在生态/健康风险,从电子废物拆解区的三黄鸡血液和肝脏样品中提取了包含PBDEs在内的复合污染组分,分别体外暴露乳腺癌MCF-7细胞和MDA-MB-231细胞6d,检测细胞增殖和雌激素靶基因pS2的mRNA表达.结果表明,包含多种PBDEs在内的复合污染组分在不产生细胞毒性的前提下,可显著抑制MCF-7细胞增殖和雌激素靶基因pS2的mRNA表达,表现出抗雌激素活性.此结果提示由电子废物拆解造成的复合污染对生物体和人体可能存在潜在的生态/健康风险.     

上海市大气降水中~(210)Pb、~7Be的变化特征

7Be、210Pb等放射性核素已被广泛应用于区域及全球物质传输途径示踪的研究中。2009年8月到2010年10月在上海市普陀区华东师范大学校园设采样点采集了51场大气降水样品,分析了单次降水事件中7Be和210Pb的含量以及湿沉降通量的变化特征,并对比不同季节的变化特征。结果表明:1)单次降水事件中7Be的浓度变化范围为0.21~5.99 Bq/L,210Pb浓度的变化范围为0.01~0.90 Bq/L。7Be和210Pb的月均浓度具有明显的季节变化特征:7Be的浓度高值出现在冬季,夏季浓度最低;210Pb浓度高值出现在秋、冬季节,夏季浓度最低;7Be/210Pb高值主要出现在春、秋季节。2)7Be、210Pb沉降通量与降水量有一定相关性,但单次降水事件7Be和210Pb浓度与降水量并没有很好的相关性。7Be和210Pb沉降通量存在着较好的相关性,指示7Be、210Pb沉降路径有着较好的一致性。     

自然老化对FOX-7基双元混合物相容性的影响

目的 掌握自然老化如何影响1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烷(FOX-7)基双元混合物的相容性,揭示老化过程对其相容性的潜在影响。方法 采用热分析技术(差示扫描量热法,DSC)和非热分析技术(傅里叶变换红外光谱,FTIR),对老化前后FOX-7基双元混合物的热分解特性和分子结构特征进行评估。利用DSC测得混合物和单质FOX-7的DSC初始分解峰温,对FOX-7与8种含能材料和4种惰性材料的相容性进行评估,再结合FTIR的测试结果辅助说明混合物分子结构的变化。结果 DSC热流曲线显示,除FOX-7/RDX混合物外,其他研究对象在老化前后均展现出良好的相容性。然而,以FOX-7/CL-20为代表的混合物在老化后的最大放热峰温出现明显变化,表明老化对这些混合物的相容性产生了影响。在FTIR光谱分析中观察到的官能团变化进一步表明,FOX-7与RDX、CL-20、AP、HTPB、DOS或WAX等组成的双元体系在老化过程中发生了化学反应。结论 本研究的发现对理解和评估老化过程对FOX-7基双元混合物相容性的影响具有重要意义,可用于指导FOX-7基含能材料长期储存和使用中的安全设计。     

重铬酸钾褪色法和硫酸铬显色法直接测定COD_Cr

建立了重铬酸钾褪色法和硫酸铬显色法直接比色测定CODcr的方法,重铬酸钾褪色法测定范围10-700mg／L,检出限7.0mg／L,三次平行测定CODcr值为417mg／L样品,标准差为2.6mg／L,回收率为96.6％;硫酸铬显色法的测定范围30-1200mg／L,检出限为23.0mg／L,三次平行测定CODcr值为987mg／L,标准差为22.3mg／L,回收率为96.3％,两种方法都优于HJ／T399-2007推荐的方法。     

Time-dependent metabolomics uncover dynamic metabolic adaptions in MCF-7 cells exposed to bisphenol A

● Metabolomic temporal profiling of cells exposed to xenobiotics. ● Global metabolome dysregulation patterns with time-resolved landscapes. ● Synchronized regulation behavior and specific dysregulation sensitivity. ● Temporal metabolic adaptions indicated cellular emphasis transition. The biochemical consequences induced by xenobiotic stress are featured in dose-response and time-resolved landscapes. Understanding the dynamic process of cellular adaptations is crucial in conducting the risk assessment for chemical exposure. As one of the most phenotype-related omics, metabolome in response to environmental stress can vary from seconds to days. Up to now, very few dynamic metabolomics studies have been conducted to provide time-dependent mechanistic interpretations in understanding xenobiotics-induced cellular adaptations. This study aims to explore the time-resolved metabolite dysregulation manner and dynamically perturbed biological functions in MCF-7 cells exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical. By sampling at 11 time points from several minutes to hours, thirty seven significantly dysregulated metabolites were identified, ranging from amino acids, fatty acids, carboxylic acids and nucleoside phosphate compounds. The metabolites in different pathways basically showed distinct time-resolved changing patterns, while those within the common class or same pathways showed similar and synchronized dysregulation behaviors. The pathway enrichment analysis suggested that purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis as well as glutamine/glutamate (GABA) metabolism pathways were heavily disturbed. As exposure event continued, MCF-7 cells went through multiple sequential metabolic adaptations from cell proliferation to energy metabolism, which indicated an enhancing cellular requirement for elevated energy homeostasis, oxidative stress response and ER-α mediated cell growth. We further focused on the time-dependent metabolite dysregulation behavior in purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and identified the impaired glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation by redox imbalance. Lastly, we established a restricted cubic spline-based model to fit and predict metabolite’s full range dysregulation cartography, with metabolite’ sensitivity comparisons retrieved and novel biomarkers suggested. Overall, the results indicated that 8 h BPA exposure leaded to global dynamic metabolome adaptions including amino acid, nucleoside and sugar metabolism disorders, and the dysregulated metabolites with interfered pathways at different stages are of significant temporal distinctions.     

Silica nanoparticles and silver-doped silica nanoparticles induce endoplasmatic reticulum stress response and alter cytochrome P4501A activity

Engineered silica nanoparticles (SiO₂-NPs) find widespread application and may lead to exposure of humans and the environment. Here we compare the effects of SiO₂-NPs and SiO₂-NPs doped with silver (SiO₂-Ag-NPs) on survival and cellular function of human liver cells (Huh7) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) fibroblast cells (FMH). In Huh7 cells we investigate effects on the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), including ER stress, and interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. The NPs formed agglomerates/aggregates in cell culture media as revealed by SEM and TEM. SiO₂ and SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs were taken up into cells as demonstrated by agglomerates occurring in vesicular-like structures or freely dispersed in the cytosol. Cytotoxicity was more pronounced in Huh7 than in FMH cells, and increased with silver content in silver-doped NPs. Dissolved silver was the most significant factor for cytotoxicity. At toxic and non-cytotoxic concentrations SiO₂-NPs and SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs induced perturbations in the function of ER. In Huh7 cells NPs induced the unfolded protein response (UPR), or ER stress response, as demonstrated in induced expression of BiP and splicing of XBP1 mRNA, two selective markers of ER stress. Additionally, SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs and AgNO₃ induced reactive oxygen species. Pre-treatment of Huh7 cells with SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs followed by exposure to the inducer benzo(a)pyrene caused a significant reduced induction of CYP1A activity. NPs did not alter the activity of ABC transporters. These data demonstrate for the first time that SiO₂-NPs and SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs result in perturbations of the ER leading to the ER stress response. This represents a novel and significant cellular signalling pathway contributing to the cytotoxicity of NPs.     

基于机械物理法的废旧电路板回收经济性分析

废旧电路板的有效回收对保护环境、实现资源的优化配置和社会可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。通过分析废旧电路板的回收方法,给出了机械物理法中3种典型回收方案的工艺流程,建立了其回收经济性评价模型,量化评估回收成本与收益。结合一个具体的回收实例,运用经济性评价模型对其回收成本与收益进行具体分析,验证了评价模型的可靠性,实现了回收方案的优选。最后,对提高废旧电路板回收经济性提出一些建议。     

Lead-210 and Beryllium-7 fallout rates on the southeastern coast of Brazil

Total ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be fallout rates were measured on the coastal region of Niteroi, Brazil. The monthly depositional flux of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be varied by a factor of 26, from 1.7 to 43.3 mBq cm⁻² year⁻¹ and ∼27, from 7.5 to 203.5 mBq cm⁻² year⁻¹, respectively. The relatively large oscillations in the depositional flux of ²¹⁰Pb at this study site were likely due to variations in air mass sources, while the ⁷Be fluctuations may be driven by a combination of weather conditions. Local geology could support the periodic high fluxes of ²¹⁰Pb from continental air masses, as shifting oceanic wind sources were affirmed by the uncorrelated ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be fallout activities and ⁷Be/²¹⁰Pb ratios. The ²¹⁰Pb atmospheric deposition was found to be in agreement with local sediment inventories, an important consideration in geochemical studies that estimate sedimentation processes.     

Perspectives on community representation within the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative: Experiences from south-east Madagascar

This article critically examines the nature and quality of governance in community representation and civil society engagement in the context of trans-national large-scale mining, drawing on experiences in the Anosy Region of south-east Madagascar. An exploration of functional relationships between government, mining business and civil society stakeholders reveals an equivocal legitimacy of certain civil society representatives, created by state manipulation, which contributes to community disempowerment. The appointment of local government officials, rather than election, creates a hierarchy of upward dependencies and a culture where the majority of officials express similar views and political alliances. As a consequence, community resistance is suppressed.