水稻秸秆浸泡液对蓝藻和绿藻生长选择性抑制作用

运用流式细胞仪研究了水稻秸秆浸泡液(RSE)对藻类生长、形态学特征(细胞大小)和生理参数(叶绿素荧光强度)的影响.RSE对有毒、无毒铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、有毒水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae)、鱼害微囊藻(Microcystis ichthyoblabe)这4种蓝藻和羊角月牙藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliqnus)这3种常见绿藻生长的抑制作用具有选择性.RSE浓度为2.0~10.0 g·L~(-1)时,可以显著抑制蓝藻的生长,同时强烈影响了藻细胞的叶绿素荧光强度和细胞大小.有毒水华鱼腥藻、鱼害微囊藻、有毒和无毒铜绿微囊藻的7d EC50分别为1.72、2.21、2.92和5.72 g·L~(-1).暴露于RSE的蛋白核小球藻和斜生栅藻,细胞生长被促进了并观测到有群体形成;而对羊角月牙藻来说,当RSE浓度为1.0~4.0 g·L~(-1)时月牙藻生长和叶绿素荧光强度被抑制,但是当RSE浓度为8.0~10.0g·L~(-1)时,月牙藻生长被显著促进.总之,RSE对蓝藻生长的抑制效果强于羊角月牙藻、蛋白核小球藻和斜生栅藻,蓝藻光合系统Ⅱ反应中心的敏感性和绿藻群体的形成可能是造成两者对水稻秸秆敏感性不同的重要原因.     

碱化度对聚合氯化铁除藻性能的影响

通过聚合氯化铁(PFC)对实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻的混凝实验,考察了碱化度(B)、浊度以及腐殖酸浓度对PFC除藻性能的影响,确定PFC除藻的最佳碱化度,同时探讨了PFC的混凝除藻机理.     

一株溶藻细菌溶藻活性物质的性质

实验室分离到一株溶藻细菌W5,其对铜绿微囊藻具有明显的溶藻效果。实验研究了W5菌培养液不同组分的溶藻效果、不同温度加热处理对W5菌培养液溶藻效果的影响,发现W5菌培养液的上清液和菌体沉淀均具有较强的溶藻效果,且加热处理有助于提高W5菌培养液的溶藻效果。     

一株有机浮选药剂——黄原酸盐降解菌的特性研究

从矿山废水中经富集分离到一株能以黄原酸盐为惟一碳源的黄原酸盐降解菌，初步鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌属。菌株降解黄原酸盐的最佳条件为：pH为8，温度30℃，振荡速率120r／min。当黄原酸盐浓度达到1500mg／L时，24h后浓度降解率为95．7％，COD去除率为84．7％。黄原酸盐浓度越高，COD去除率越高。当加入0．2g／L的葡萄糖时可大大提高菌对黄原酸盐的降解率。     

生物表面活性剂对铜绿假单胞菌摄取烷烃的强化机制

考察了2株铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa)以正十六烷为底物生长的不同方式,并初步探讨了生物表面活性剂在烃类降解菌摄取烷烃过程中的作用机制.菌株O-2-2在正十六烷中的生长明显快于PS-1,生长过程中O-2-2分泌出鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂,正十六烷被完全乳化.另外,O-2-2菌细胞表面疏水性高于PS-1,而加入鼠李糖脂使得菌体细胞中脂多糖含量减少,菌细胞表面疏水性明显提高.上述结果表明,鼠李糖脂主要通过乳化疏水性底物和提高降解菌表面疏水性两种机制强化铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)对烷烃的摄取.图6表1参14     

应用流式细胞技术研究铜对藻细胞膜完整性及脂酶活性的影响

应用流式细胞技术(FCM)及PI/FDA染色方法,在不同Cu2浓度处理后,从细胞膜完整性、脂酶活性两方面同时研究了Cu2 处理对微囊藻细胞的急性毒性作用.检测结果表明,在不同浓度Cu2 处理M.aeruginousa1h时,PI荧光检测显示藻细胞膜的完整性几乎没有受到影响,而FDA荧光检测则表明藻细胞的脂酶活性在一定浓度受到刺激.在Cu2 处理24h时,随着Cu2 浓度的增高,PI和FDA荧光强度变化的概率均呈明显的浓度抑制型变化,说明在此时Cu2 作用下FDA荧光的下降,不仅与细胞内脂酶活性受到抑制有关,而且也是高浓度Cu2 作用下细胞膜受损而导致细胞内含物外流的结果.图3参16     

流速对太湖铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

通过室内模拟试验研究了不同流速条件对太湖水中铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.结果表明:在温度为25 ℃、[光]照度为3 300 lx、光暗比为10 h: 14 h的条件下,流速在0～75 cm·s-1范围内,适合藻类生长的最佳流速条件为u=30 cm·s-1,当流速u＜30 cm·s-1或u＞30 cm·s-1时,藻类生长均受到不同程度的影响.尤其当流速u≥50 cm·s-1时,藻类生长受到明显限制,数量无明显增加.     

Tween 20 and Its Major Free Fatty Acids as Carbon Substrates for the Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 to grow and synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using Tween 20 as the sole carbon source was investigated. Tween 20 could support cell growth and PHA production. The polymer produced from Tween 20 was compared with those produced from its major free fatty acids components: lauric (C₁₂), myristic (C₁₄), and palmitic (C₁₆) acids. Gas-chromatographic analysis of methanolyzed samples and ¹³C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) showed that the PHAs obtained are composed of even carbon atoms 3-hydroxyalkanoates ranging from C₆ to C₁₄, with C₈ and C₁₀ as the predominant components. The nature of the carbon sources used had little influence on the composition, but was found to be important in determining the average molecular weight, shorter chain fatty acids yielding higher molecular weight products. Fast Atom Bombardment-Mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS) of partially pyrolyzed samples, coupled to statistical analysis, showed that these PHAs are random copolymers.     

豆瓣菜有机提取物对铜绿微囊藻的抑制及成分初步分离

探讨了豆瓣菜(Nasturtium officinale)有机提取物对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)生长的影响,从总氮、总磷、叶绿素a含量、类胡萝卜素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、多糖含量、藻胆蛋白含量、抗氧化系酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性的变化研究了其抑制机理,随后比较了不同分离相的抑藻活性.结果表明,豆瓣菜有机提取物对铜绿微囊藻具有较强的抑制效应,2 g·L~(-1)组在第10 d的抑藻率为67.62%;排出了营养的影响,认为抑制作用主要是由化感作用引起的.培养过程中,藻体中叶绿素a含量、类胡萝卜素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、多糖含量和藻胆蛋白含量下降,藻体中SOD、CAT、POD、GS和ACP活性和MDA含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势.豆瓣菜有机提取物可显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,其中存在的弱极性物质可能是其抑制藻类生长的主要原因.     

Isolation, identification and characterization of an algicidal bacterium from Lake Taihu and preliminary studies on its algicidal compounds

In an effort to identify a bio-agent capable of controlling cyanobacterial blooms, we isolated a bacterial strain, A27, which exhibited strong algicidal activity against the dominant bloom-forming species of Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Taihu. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain belongs to the genus Exiguobacterium. This is the first report of an algicidal bacterial strain belonging to the genus Exiguobacterium. Strain A27 exhibited algicidal activity against a broad range of cyanobacteria, but elicited little or no algicidal activity against the two green algal strains tested. The algicidal activity of strain A27 was shown to be dependent on the density of the bacteria and to have a threshold density of 1.5× 10⁶ CFU/mL. Our data also showed that the algicidal activity of strain A27 depended on different growth stages of Microcystis aeruginosa (exponential ≈ lag phase > early stationary) rather than that of the bacterium itself. Our results also suggested the algicidal activity of strain A27 occurred via the production of extracellular algicidal compounds. Investigation of the algicidal compounds revealed that there were at least two different algicidal compounds produced by strain A27. These results indicated that strain A27 has great potential for use in the control of outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu.