高效铜绿微囊藻溶藻菌WJ6的分离鉴定及溶藻特性

以铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,从富营养化水体分离了一株高效溶藻菌,通过分析形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列比对,鉴定了该溶藻菌株,分析了该菌株对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻方式、溶藻特性及其不同培养时期、不同浓度菌液及不同环境因子对溶藻效果的影响,并探讨了其可能的溶藻机制.研究表明：WJ6属于沙雷氏菌属（Serratia sp.GenBank登录号为KY462187）;溶藻菌WJ6以胞外释放溶藻物质为主直接溶藻为辅的溶藻方式;溶藻菌WJ6处于对数期时的溶藻率最高达87.50%;菌液浓度达1.4×10⁹CFU/mL以上,溶藻率最高为95.69%;在30℃、pH8条件下,溶藻率达90.00%;改良的基本培养基培养的溶藻菌溶藻率最高达98.50%;铵离子浓度大于2mol/L时,溶藻菌的溶藻率98.33%;当盐度为0.5%时,溶藻率较高为92.77%.溶藻菌株WJ6是1株高效溶铜绿微囊藻菌,在富营养化治理方面具有较好的应用前景.     

藻类光竞争模型构建及水体紊动对竞争的影响

光是藻类进行光合作用的重要能量来源,决定藻类的初始生产力,当多种浮游藻类共同生存时,会一起竞争光强.光竞争能力强的浮游藻类浓度增加,光竞争能力较弱的则减少,从而完成水体中浮游藻类优势藻的替代.本文通过在以往建立的单藻模型的基础上,耦合入竞争模型,构建两种（多种）浮游藻类光竞争模型,尝试通过数值模拟,研究不同水体紊动中竞争藻属分别取得竞争优势的机理.模拟结果表明：稳态水体中,竞争藻属的自身垂向迁移决定藻浓度的垂向分布,具有浮力调节能力的微囊藻属占据上层水体优势地位,并取得竞争优势;动态水体中,竞争藻属垂向分布均较为均匀,生长速率决定藻的竞争优势,小球藻属生长速率快,最终易取得竞争优势.此外,考虑浮游藻属的动态自遮蔽,会加速稳态水体中微囊藻属取得竞争优势,并限制动态水体中小球藻属的无限制生长,使得模拟结果更加符合实际情况.     

铜绿假单胞菌GF31降解土壤中氯氰菊酯的性能研究

利用实验室分离获得铜绿假单胞菌GF31(Pseudomonas aeruginosa GF31,简称菌株GF31),采用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析技术,开展菌株GF31在实际土壤环境中对氯氰菊酯的降解特性和降解产物研究,并进行了模拟田间实验.结果表明,在土壤中菌株GF31降解氯氰菊酯的主要产物为二氯菊酸和间苯...     

水罗兰对不同密度铜绿微囊藻抑制作用的研究

通过水罗兰与铜绿微囊藻共培养12 d,研究了水罗兰对低密度、高密度的铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用.结果表明,铜绿微囊藻初始光密度(OD680)分别为0.026、0.257时,水罗兰可显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,使其OD680降低.水质检测结果显示,培养过程中共培养液营养盐浓度一直处于较高水平,铜绿微囊藻OD680降低及生长停滞并非因营养不足所引起.通过实验证实了水罗兰可作为铜绿微囊藻水华控制的生态修复物种.     

加拿大一枝黄花提取物对铜绿微囊藻细胞膜和亚显微结构的影响研究

探讨了经加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis L.)提取物处理后,铜绿微囊藻(Microc ystis aeruginosa)细胞膜相关特性的变化,如膜脂过氧化程度、细胞膜透性、脂肪酸组成和所占比例变化等,并通过电子显微镜观察了铜绿微囊藻细胞的亚显微结构变化,以初步揭示加拿大一枝黄花提取物对铜绿微囊藻抑制效应的机制.结果表明,添加加拿大一枝黄花提取物可使铜绿微囊藻细胞内丙二醛(MDA)累积量增加,加剧了膜脂过氧化反应;改变了铜绿微囊藻细胞内脂肪酸的组成,使不饱和脂肪酸所占比例上升,饱和脂肪酸所占比例下降;经加拿大一枝黄花提取物处理过的藻细胞膜初期出现模糊褶皱、质壁分离等现象,中后期则出现受损、甚至严重破裂等现象,膜系统受损之后,提取物更易进入细胞内,进一步影响藻细胞的内部结构,最终细胞的亚显微结构明显遭到破坏.     

Isolation and identification of an anti-algal compound from Artemisia annua and mechanisms of inhibitory effect on algae

The goals of this work were to isolate and identify an anti-algal compound from extracts of Artemisia annua and study its mode of action on Microcystis aeruginosa. The anti-algal compound was isolated from the extracts using column chromatography and activity-guided fractionation methods. Artemisinin with strong anti-algal activity was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The EC₅₀ of artemisinin on M. aeruginosa was 3.2 mg L⁻¹. Artemisinin decreased the soluble protein content and increased the superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbic acid content of M. aeruginosa, but exerted no effect on soluble sugar content. The results suggested the mode of action of artemisinin on algae may primarily be the increasing level of reactive oxygen species in algae cells. The results of our research could aid in the development of new anti-algal substances and lead to further study of mechanisms of inhibitory effect on algae.     

溶藻放线菌改性制剂对铜绿微囊藻的控藻能力研究

采用喷雾干燥法制备了一种溶藻放线菌粉剂,此粉剂按1∶10 000的质量比投加4 d后对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效率可达90%,该粉剂经过壳聚糖改性处理后,在1∶20 000的质量投加比下,0.5 h即可絮凝去除90%的藻细胞,4 d后的溶藻效率仍可达80%。由于既能快速絮凝除藻,又能长效溶藻,使得改性溶藻放线菌粉剂具有更为广阔的应用前景。     

Effects of cyanobacteria producing microcystins on seed germination and seedling growth of several agricultural plants

The effects of cyanobacteria aqueous extracts containing Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on the seed germination and growth of Pisum sativum, Lens esculenta, Zea mays and Triticum durum were investigated. Experiments were carried out on a range of doses of the extract (equivalent to 0, 1.6, 2.9, 5.8, 8.7 and 11.6 μ g MC-LR/mL). The results confirm that these plants were sensitive to cell-free extracts of a toxic Microcystis and that germination inhibition was dose dependent. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that P. sativum is the most sensitive tested species with a 97% germination rate reduction and L. esculenta was the most resistant. At the 8th day, the exposure to the microcystins (MC) resulted in a significant decrease of plant epicotyls length, roots length and a net inhibition of lateral root formation. It is concluded that MC could affect also terrestrial plants seedling germination and growth. Therefore, the use of water for irrigation contaminated by MC could exert negative biochemical effects on seed and plant metabolism which might influence the agricultural crops.     

Change in the antimicrobial resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from soil after exposure to herbicides

The extensive use of pesticides represents a risk to human health and to the environment. This study aimed to investigate if the exposure to atrazine and diuron, two herbicides widely used in Brazil, could induce changes in the susceptibility profile to aztreonam, colistin and polymyxin B antimicrobials in isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from soil samples by using the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Three isolates had an increase of MIC to aztreonam after exposure to both herbicides and one isolate did not show any MIC change. The MexAB-OprM efflux pump has already been upregulated in these isolates and the herbicides atrazine and diuron did not increase MexAB-OprM overexpression. Therefore, the decrease in aztreonam susceptibility was not directly related to this pump, suggesting that probably other mechanisms should be involved.     

Antioxidant and metabolism responses to polyphenol stress in cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Three common polyphenol compounds Gallic Acid (GA), Pyrogallic Acid (PA) and Catechol (CA) are known to have allelochemical-exhibiting inhibitory effects on the growth of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa). Metabolism and antioxidant responses in M. aeruginosa were investigated to elucidate the mechanism by which the three polyphenols inhibit algal growth. The inhibition effects of polyphenols were in the order of CA > PA > GA. The GA and CA exposures increased protein contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and soluble sugar, especially for exposure to GA of 25 mg L^?1. Soluble sugar content increased significantly especially when exposed to CA for 72 h. When exposed to PA, protein content, and SOD and CAT activities initially increased but over longer treatment time the activities decreased, in contrast to sugar content. Our results suggest that PA exposure for longer periods of time may inhibit catabolism action, while CA exposure could induce more oxide stress than GA or PA. The overall study showed that polyphenol-induced oxidative damage might be responsible for polyphenol inhibition on M. aeruginosa growth. The increases in cellular antioxidant enzymes and soluble sugar may have been to counteract the oxidative stress.